Reimagining Nigerian Governance: A Case for Tribal Federalism

Nigeria’s governance framework, rooted in a Western-influenced liberal democratic system, has faced challenges in meeting the complex needs of its ethnically diverse population. Composed of over 250 ethnic groups and 371 tribes, Nigeria has struggled to foster a cohesive national identity amidst its centralized system, imposed under the 1999 military-led constitution. This centralization has led to uneven resource allocation, particularly in the case of Nigeria’s oil wealth, resulting in elite dominance and perpetuating socioeconomic disparities. In contrast, the governance model of federal systems in countries like the United States and Switzerland, which emphasizes decentralized control over resources and local autonomy, offers valuable insights into Nigeria’s situation. This study explores the potential for a decentralized tribal federalism approach in Nigeria, focusing on cultural authenticity and regional autonomy as pathways to reduce ethnic tensions and promote equitable development. By examining global governance models, this research seeks to outline a Nigerian governance structure that balances modernization and cultural heritage, emphasizing local autonomy to foster a more inclusive national identity.