IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bcp/journl/v7y2023i8p315-329.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Fantastic Corruption and the Underdevelopment of Nigeria: The Spectators Paradigm

Author

Listed:
  • Ofonmbuk Etido Atakpa

    (Department of Public Administration, Akwa Ibom State University, Nigeria)

Abstract

A lot of hypotheses and theories have been adduced to analyse and explain the fact of endemic corruption and its deleterious effects on the development imperatives of Nigeria, where some of these explicating assumptions have tended toward overuse and monotony, hence the need for new ideas regarding both descriptive endeavors and prescribed remedies. In all these, Nigeria, despite its supposedly flourishing potential has found it difficult to achieve the level of development that is proportional to its human and capital endowments, not as much as by other reasons than by the fact of the recycling of an insincere class of leaders who, either as former military or civilian administrators, promised to fight corruption before taking office, but do exactly the opposite, and or are enmeshed in worse corruption controversies than the previous regimes. This paper innovates on both the conceptual exposition of corruption as was captured by the former Prime Minister of the UK, David Cameron and the utilization of an evolving theory-bound paradigm – the Spectators Approach to explain Nigeria’s leadership behavioral schemes in cajoling the masses to vote for them, but not doing much in line with their earlier sold promises/manifestoes, after gaining office. The paper recommends, among others, that all former presidents should be investigated and called to account regarding all direct and indirect corruption allegations levelled against them and that they should be tried where found guilty, otherwise, there would be no persuasive deterrent for future Nigerian leaders.

Suggested Citation

  • Ofonmbuk Etido Atakpa, 2023. "Fantastic Corruption and the Underdevelopment of Nigeria: The Spectators Paradigm," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 7(8), pages 315-329, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:7:y:2023:i:8:p:315-329
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-7-issue-8/315-329.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/fantastic-corruption-and-the-underdevelopment-of-nigeria-the-spectators-paradigm/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mr. Vito Tanzi, 1994. "Corruption, Governmental Activities, and Markets," IMF Working Papers 1994/099, International Monetary Fund.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Michael Eugene Ekpo (Ph.D) & Ofonmbuk Etido Atakpa (Ph.D) & Obio Akpa & Oruk Anam, L.G.A. & Ubong Etim Umoh (Ph.D), 2024. "Political Leadership and Economic Development in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(3), pages 2574-2589, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Friedrich Schneider & Dominik Enste, 1999. "Shadow Economies Around the World - Size, Causes, and Consequences," CESifo Working Paper Series 196, CESifo.
    2. Lindemann, Henrik, 2015. "Does Regulatory Independence Translate into a Higher Degree of Liberalization? - Evidence from EU Energy Regulators," Hannover Economic Papers (HEP) dp-545, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät.
    3. Martinez-Vazquez, Jorge & McNab, Robert M., 2003. "Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 31(9), pages 1597-1616, September.
    4. Joan Rosselló Villalonga, 2018. "Fiscal centralization: a remedy for corruption?," SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, Springer;Spanish Economic Association, vol. 9(4), pages 457-474, November.
    5. Jacky AMPROU & Elsa DURET, 1999. "Réformes, groupes d'intérêt et dépendance à l'aide : théorie et estimation économétrique," Working Papers 199907, CERDI.
    6. Brunetti, Aymo & Weder, Beatrice, 2003. "A free press is bad news for corruption," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(7-8), pages 1801-1824, August.
    7. Ahmed, Ovais & Mashkoor, Aasim, 2016. "Corruption and Modes of Project Evaluation in Pakistan," MPRA Paper 74287, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Michael A. Nelson, 2013. "Corruption and the size of local governments: are they related?," Chapters, in: Santiago Lago-Peñas & Jorge Martinez-Vazquez (ed.), The Challenge of Local Government Size, chapter 4, pages 83-120, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    9. Saunoris, James W., 2024. "Individualism, economic freedom, and the development of the shadow economy," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 48(1).
    10. Henri Atangana ondoa, 2014. "The determinants of corporate corruption in Cameroon," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 34(2), pages 938-950.
    11. Fadi KANSO, 2007. "Wages and Sanctions against Hierarchical Corruption," CAE Working Papers 51, Aix-Marseille Université, CERGAM.
    12. Alberto Alesina & Beatrice Weder, 2002. "Do Corrupt Governments Receive Less Foreign Aid?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 92(4), pages 1126-1137, September.
    13. Jorge Martinez & Baoyun Qian & Shuilin Wang & Heng-fu Zou, 2006. "Local Public Finance in China: Revenues of Local Governments," CEMA Working Papers 551, China Economics and Management Academy, Central University of Finance and Economics.
    14. Paul, Samuel, 1998. "Making voice work : the report card on Banglalore's public service," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1921, The World Bank.
    15. Gong, Ting & Wu, Alfred M., 2012. "Does Increased Civil Service Pay Deter Corruption? Evidence from China," MPRA Paper 41815, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Davis, Lewis S. & Williamson, Claudia R., 2016. "Culture and the regulation of entry," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(4), pages 1055-1083.
    17. Muhammad Syauqi Qur’ani Putra Ariva & Ermawati, 2020. "Determinants Influencing the Level of Corruption in Indonesia Local Governments," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 12(4), pages 34-42.
    18. Naved Ahmad & Oscar Brookins, 2004. "On Corruption and Countervailing Actions in Three South Asian Nations," Journal of Economic Policy Reform, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(1), pages 21-30.
    19. Antonio Bojanic, 2014. "The effect of coca and FDI on the level of corruption in Bolivia," Latin American Economic Review, Springer;Centro de Investigaciòn y Docencia Económica (CIDE), vol. 23(1), pages 1-23, December.
    20. Lindemann, Henrik, 2015. "Budgetary Interests and the Degree of Unbundling in Electricity Markets - An Empirical Analysis for OECD Countries," Hannover Economic Papers (HEP) dp-543, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:7:y:2023:i:8:p:315-329. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dr. Pawan Verma (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.