UpÄ dÄ na and Its Influence on Bhava

Regarding the multiplicity of consequences, kamma is widely stressed more as a significant role where the diverse lives of beings are conducted in saṃsÄ ra with reference to MahÄ kammavibhaá¹…ga Sutta (M III 203). Although there are several research on kamma and rebirth, less attention has been touched on how upÄ dÄ na plays an influential role more than kamma in which living-beings are differentiated, and saṃsÄ ra is prolonged. As a cause and effect relationship, upÄ dÄ na and kamma, according to Paá¹­iccasamuppÄ da, are a connection between twelve links. It is discovered that dependent on upÄ dÄ na there arises bhava such as “upÄ dÄ napaccayÄ bhavo†(S II 2). Ordinary people with various clinging or attachment to animate and inanimate objects in daily life, generate a range of actions that result in diverse future existence. Since their particular attachments are diverse, so are their actions and the effects they experience in saṃsÄ ra. Hence, the fact is that the variety of resultant life, which is said to be diverse for beings in circle of existence, springs from the clinging of the individuals. This article reveals how upÄ dÄ na is more influential than kamma in the differentiation of living beings and prolongation of saṃsÄ ra. The current work is an attempt mainly based on Paá¹­iccasamuppÄ da.