IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bcp/journl/v7y2023i12p308-319.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effect of Manufacturing Sector Earnings on Trade Balance in Kenya

Author

Listed:
  • Ochola Jason Onyango

    (Master of Arts in Economics graduate, Maseno University)

  • Obange Nelson

    (Corresponding Author Holds a PhD in Economics, A senior Lecturer, Department of Economics, Maseno University)

  • Odhiambo Scholastica

    (N/A)

Abstract

Trade balance position is a vital component of economic growth and development for any economy. It is expressed in monetary terms over a prescribed time period and measures the variance between the value of what an economy exports and imports. Kenya is a market- based economy and has continued to benefit a lot from key sectors of agriculture, manufacturing and tourism. Persistent and continuous trade deficits is unfavorable to any economic outlook since it negatively impacts level of employment, growth and foreign exchange. Kenya‟s trade balance position is heavily supported by key sectors of agriculture, manufacturing and tourism through their immense contribution in foreign exchange earnings. The manufacturing sector on the other hand enjoyed a significantly high rate of growth between 1964 to 1974 of respectively 4.2% and 31% but continued to experience mixed growth rates in the 90s of 3.6% and 2.7% attributed to trade liberalization, election uncertainties, changing policies on import duty. Literature on how trade balance affects economic growth exists but there is limited evidence relating manufacturing and the sector affects trade balance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of manufacturing earnings on the trade balance in Kenya. This study was anchored on the Absorption theory of trade and used correlation research design and secondary time series data from 1964–2018. The data was collated from Kenya National Bureau of Statistics as contained in Statistical Abstracts. Vector Error Correction findings registered significance at 5% level with coefficients of 0.904 signifying that a 1% increase in net earnings from manufacturing increases trade balance by 0.904%. Trade balance is self-correcting at an annual rate of 43.7%. This study further concluded that in the long-run, earnings from manufacturing sector has a strong relationship with trade balance position in Kenya in the current period. This study recommends a strengthening of the manufacturing sector to help improve the positive gap between earnings from exports and imports in Kenya.

Suggested Citation

  • Ochola Jason Onyango & Obange Nelson & Odhiambo Scholastica, 2023. "Effect of Manufacturing Sector Earnings on Trade Balance in Kenya," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 7(12), pages 308-319, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:7:y:2023:i:12:p:308-319
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-7-issue-12/308-319.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/effect-of-manufacturing-sector-earnings-on-trade-balance-in-kenya/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Catherine L. Mann, 2002. "Perspectives on the U.S. Current Account Deficit and Sustainability," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 16(3), pages 131-152, Summer.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chen, Shyh-Wei & Xie, Zixiong, 2015. "Testing for current account sustainability under assumptions of smooth break and nonlinearity," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 142-156.
    2. Bofinger, Peter & Franz, Wolfgang & Schmidt, Christoph M. & Weder di Mauro, Beatrice & Wiegard, Wolfgang, 2010. "Chancen für einen stabilen Aufschwung. Jahresgutachten 2010/11 [Chances for a stable upturn. Annual Report 2010/11]," Annual Economic Reports / Jahresgutachten, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, volume 127, number 201011, September.
    3. Ayla Ogus & Niloufer Sohrabji, 2008. "On the optimality and sustainability of Turkey’s current account," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 35(3), pages 543-568, November.
    4. Sahoo, Manoranjan & Babu, M. Suresh & Dash, Umakant, 2016. "Long run sustainability of current account balance of China and India: New evidence from combined cointegration test," MPRA Paper 79013, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2016.
    5. Nazia Abdul Rehman & Musarrat Shamshir & Khurram Shakir, 2020. "Correlation of Macroeconomic Variables with Twin Deficit in Pakistan," IBT Journal of Business Studies (JBS), Ilma University, Faculty of Management Science, vol. 16(1), pages 16-11.
    6. Idil UZ, 2010. "DETERMINANTS OF CURRENT ACCOUNT: The Relation between Internal and External Balances in Turkey," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 10(2).
    7. Richard H. Clarida & Manuela Goretti & Mark P. Taylor, 2007. "Are There Thresholds of Current Account Adjustment in the G7?," NBER Chapters, in: G7 Current Account Imbalances: Sustainability and Adjustment, pages 169-204, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Yusuf Ekrem Akbaş & Fuat Lebe, 2016. "Current Account Deficit, Budget Deficit and Savings Gap: Is the Twin or Triplet Deficit Hypothesis Valid in G7 Countries?," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2016(3), pages 271-286.
    9. Gazi M. Hassan & Mark J. Holmes, 2016. "Do Remittances Facilitate a Sustainable Current Account?," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(11), pages 1834-1853, November.
    10. Devi Prasad DASH & Debi Prasad BAL & Manoranjan SAHOO, 2016. "Nexus between defense expenditure and economic growth in BRIC economies: An empirical investigation," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania / Editura Economica, vol. 0(1(606), S), pages 89-102, Spring.
    11. Anwar Shaikh & Gennaro Zezza & Claudio dos Santos, "undated". "Is International Growth the Way Out of U.S. Current Account Deficits? A Note of Caution," Economics Policy Note Archive 03-6, Levy Economics Institute.
    12. Ben Omrane, Walid & Savaser, Tanseli & Welch, Robert & Zhou, Xinyao, 2019. "Time-varying effects of macroeconomic news on euro-dollar returns," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    13. Oeking, Anne & Zwick, Lina, 2015. "On the relation between capital flows and the current account," Ruhr Economic Papers 565, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    14. Holmes, Mark J., 2011. "Threshold cointegration and the short-run dynamics of twin deficit behaviour," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(3), pages 271-277, September.
    15. Anthony Makin & Wei Zhang & Grant Scobie, 2009. "The contribution of foreign borrowing to the New Zealand economy," New Zealand Economic Papers, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(3), pages 263-278.
    16. Bandyopadhyay, Gopal & Bagheri, Fathollah & Mann, Michael, 2007. "Reduction of fossil fuel emissions in the USA: A holistic approach towards policy formulation," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 950-965, February.
    17. Dumitriu Ramona & Stefanescu Razvan, 2009. "Analysis Of The Romanian Current Account Sustainability," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, vol. 1(1), pages 163-168, May.
    18. Mariam Camarero & Josep Lluís Carrion‐i‐Silvestre & Cecilio Tamarit, 2021. "External imbalances from a GVAR perspective," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(11), pages 3202-3245, November.
    19. Yan, Ho-don, 2007. "Does capital mobility finance or cause a current account imbalance?," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 1-25, March.
    20. Francesco Aiello & Graziella Bonanno & Alessia Via, 2015. "Again on trade elasticities: evidence from a selected sample of countries," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 5(2), pages 259-287, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:7:y:2023:i:12:p:308-319. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dr. Pawan Verma (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.