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The high price of green energy: Adjustments in general equilibrium

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  • Henry Thompson

    (Department of Economics, Auburn University, Auburn, USA)

Abstract

The high price of energy due to green energy policy will cause adjustments across the US economy predicted in the present general equilibrium model that includes energy Btu input with capital and labor to produce manufactures and services. This same model in trade theory examines the effects of a tariff on an imported factor of production such as a natural resource or capital. Corresponding error correction estimates of the reduced form equations of the model in annual 1970-2018 data prove robust and suggest model modifications. A parametric approach to noncompetitive pricing based on unit cost diminishing with output brings the model much closer to the estimates. Manufactures are revealed to have a higher degree of noncompetitive pricing than services. Assuming constant elasticity of substitution production, a weak degree is revealed to provide the best fit to the error correction estimates. The high price of green energy will cause an inelastic decrease in energy input resulting in increased energy revenue. Outputs of both sectors fall, more in manufactures due to its energy intensity. The capital return and wage also fall given the weak substitution of capital and labor relative to the price of energy. The wage rises slightly in the model but falls considerably in the error correction estimate. The only clear winner is energy input with increased revenue. The government owns a large share of hydrocarbon reserves and will benefit from a higher price of energy.

Suggested Citation

  • Henry Thompson, 2024. "The high price of green energy: Adjustments in general equilibrium," Journal of Economic Analysis, Anser Press, vol. 3(1), pages 160-171, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bba:j00001:v:3:y:2024:i:1:p:160-171:d:172
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Barnett, A.H. & Reutter, Keith A. & Thompson, Henry, 2005. "The first step in restructuring the US electric industry," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 225-235, March.
    2. Jones, Ronald W & Scheinkman, Jose A, 1977. "The Relevance of the Two-Sector Production Model in Trade Theory," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 85(5), pages 909-935, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yang, Zhenghan & Wei, Changjing & Fang, Zhen & Song, Xiaowei & Shi, Yang, 2024. "What role green finance and natural resources play for energy transition in ASEAN nations? A pathway to mitigating environmental degradation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    2. Ye, Yongwei & Li, Chaoqun & Li, Xiaofan & Tao, Yunqing & Wu, Haitao, 2024. "The role of tax enforcement on green innovation: Evidence from the consolidation of state and local tax bureau (CSLTB)," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 221-232.

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