Determination of the influence of the surplus construction on the parameters of the shrinkage shells in the «Body»-type steel castings when casting in single sand molds

The object of research is the technology of manufacturing «Body»-type shaped castings of the from medium carbon steel in one-time sand molds.The existing problem is that the design of the casting and foundry equipment significantly affect the formation of internal defects in castings. This especially applies to steel castings, the technology of which is more complicated than the technology of cast iron castings due to much worse casting properties of steel.To determine the influence of the location of surpluses on the «Body»-type steel castings of the on the formation of shrinkage shells, computer modeling was used, in the process of which 5 computer experiments were conducted with different sizes and geometries of surpluses.According to the simulation results, it was found that with some technological options, there is a risk of the shrinkage shell penetrating into the casting body. The use of a cylindrical surplus of a rectangular cross-section with fillets ensures complete absorption of the shrink shell in the place of surplus installation. Using an excess round section at the installation location does not guarantee absorption of the shrink shell. The determining factor affecting the coefficient of increase in the depth of the shrinking shell is the excess volume. This influence can be described by a functional dependence of the logarithmic type with the coefficient of determination R2=0.82.It was determined that the ratio of the diameter of the inlet to its height does not affect the coefficient of increase in the depth of the shrinking shell. The resulting functional dependence allows to set the excess volume that provides a minimum growth factor while simultaneously preventing excess metal consumption.The presented study will be useful for machine-building enterprises that have foundries in their structure, where shaped castings are made in one-time sand molds.