Shock-proof cities? The impact of and responses to the recent financial and economic crisis in older industrial cities

The impact of the recent financial and economic crisis on cities and regions in Europe has been profound. This contribution examines to what extent the crisis has affected the ongoing recovery process in older industrial cities struggling with the consequences of economic restructuring and urban decline. Drawing on a research project, it uses findings from three large German cities (Bremen, Bochum and Leipzig). The authors argue that these cities have been hard hit by the economic downturn, adding a further layer to existing problems. A particular focus is put on whether these cities are still vulnerable or whether they have become more resilient as a result of their longstanding experience with decline, and on whether they have been able to continue their recovery strategies or whether they have had to refocus. Though the overall picture is complex, the findings suggest that the cities have had, at least partially, to reorient their respective recovery strategies. Against a background of limited resources, large-scale urban regeneration initiatives have for the most part been discontinued. Other strategies, such as in the field of economic development or neighbourhood renewal, have been continued, albeit on a smaller scale. Though funding has been severely hit by budget cuts, more recent measures, including those in the areas of sustainability or climate change, suggest a general change in thinking. It appears that the three cities have been able to build up substantial expertise, owing to their longstanding experience in dealing with urban decline, providing them with some resilience. Nevertheless, remaining structural weaknesses and financial constraints continue to be major challenges.