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The Impact of Dirty and Clean Energy Consumption on Carbon Emissions in Azerbaijan

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  • Gunduz Musayev

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of dirty (gas, oil) and clean (renewable) energy consumption on CO2 emissions in Azerbaijan. Utilizing annual data from 1985 to 2022, the analysis examines the stationarity of the variables using ADF, Flexible Fourier ADF, and Fractional Flexible Fourier ADF unit root tests, finding that all variables are stationary at the first difference. To explore the cointegration relationships among the variables, the Bayer-Hanck combined cointegration test is employed. Three econometric models are established, revealing a long-run equilibrium relationship solely between renewable energy consumption and carbon emissions (CO2). According to the long-run estimation results from FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR methods, renewable energy consumption negatively impacts carbon emissions in Azerbaijan, with a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption leading to a 0.60% decrease in carbon emissions. Additionally, the Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality test uncovers a unidirectional causality from gas consumption to carbon emissions in Azerbaijan. The study concludes with policy recommendations for Azerbaijan to effectively manage and reduce carbon emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Gunduz Musayev, 2024. "The Impact of Dirty and Clean Energy Consumption on Carbon Emissions in Azerbaijan," Journal of Sustainable Development Issues (JOSDI), SDIjournals, vol. 2(2), pages 76-88, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:arv:journl:v:2:y:2024:i:2:p:76-88
    DOI: 10.62433/josdi.v2i2.27
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Renewable Energy Consumption; CO2 Emissions; Bayer-Hanck Cointegration; Fourier Unit Root Tests; Oil Consumption; Gas Consumption;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C1 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
    • Q4 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy
    • Q5 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics
    • Q2 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation
    • Q3 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation

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