Residential Migration from the Core to the Periphery of Tirana: Emerging Trends and Patterns

Migratory movements in Albania have a long history, shaped by the country's political, economic, and social conditions. These movements are primarily characterized by internal migration, which has significantly influenced territorial transformations, demographic changes, and the organization of economic and social life. The largest cities in Albania, particularly Tirana, have been the most affected. Tirana, which has undergone profound transformation since becoming the capital in 1920, is a prime example of internal migration. The city has seen a significant influx of individuals from other regions of the country seeking to establish residence there. The drivers of migration to Tirana are tied to geographical, economic, and social factors. Consequently, the socio-economic effects of this migration have reshaped the city in numerous ways. After the 1990s, the primary migration patterns in Albania shifted from small towns to large cities and from rural areas to urban centers. Recently, however, a new trend has emerged, with movements from urban areas back to rural regions, particularly noticeable in the country's capital. The geography of residential migration is characterized by a population decline in six urban units of the Municipality of Tirana, while population growth is more pronounced in four specific rural units, with positive trends in most rural areas. These population shifts have created an urgent need to implement territorial development policies in both urban and rural areas of the Municipality of Tirana.