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All-cause and cause-specific mortality by socioeconomic status among employed persons in 27 US states, 1984-1997

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  • Steenland, K.
  • Hu, S.
  • Walker, J.

Abstract

Objectives. We investigated mortality differences according to socioeconomic status (SES) for employed persons in 27 states during 1984-1997. Methods. SES was determined for persons aged 35-64 years according to the "usual occupation" listed on their death certificates. We used US Census denominator data. Results. For all-cause mortality, rate ratios from lowest to highest SES quartile for men and women were 2.02, 1.69, 1.25, and 1. 00 and 1.29, 1.01, 1.07, and 1.00, respectively. Percentage of all deaths attributable to being in the lowest 3 SES quartiles was 27%. Inverse SES gradients were strong for most major causes of death except breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Heart disease mortality for highest and lowest SES quartiles dropped 45% and 25%, respectively, between 1984 and 1997. Conclusions. Mortality differences by SES were sustained through the 1990s and are increasing for men.

Suggested Citation

  • Steenland, K. & Hu, S. & Walker, J., 2004. "All-cause and cause-specific mortality by socioeconomic status among employed persons in 27 US states, 1984-1997," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(6), pages 1037-1042.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2004:94:6:1037-1042_8
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    Cited by:

    1. Ahmedin Jemal & Elizabeth Ward & Robert N Anderson & Taylor Murray & Michael J Thun, 2008. "Widening of Socioeconomic Inequalities in U.S. Death Rates, 1993–2001," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 3(5), pages 1-8, May.
    2. Yijie Zhou & Francesca Dominici & Thomas A. Louis, 2010. "Racial disparities in risks of mortality in a sample of the US Medicare population," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 59(2), pages 319-339, March.
    3. Angelo d’Errico & Fulvio Ricceri & Silvia Stringhini & Cristian Carmeli & Mika Kivimaki & Mel Bartley & Cathal McCrory & Murielle Bochud & Peter Vollenweider & Rosario Tumino & Marcel Goldberg & Marie, 2017. "Socioeconomic indicators in epidemiologic research: A practical example from the LIFEPATH study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(5), pages 1-32, May.
    4. Roland Rau & Gabriele Doblhammer & Vladimir Canudas-Romo & Zhang Zhen, 2008. "Cause-of-Death Contributions to Educational Inequalities in Mortality in Austria between 1981/1982 and 1991/1992," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 24(3), pages 265-286, September.
    5. Zachary Zimmer & Heidi Hanson & Ken Smith, 2016. "Childhood socioeconomic status, adult socioeconomic status, and old-age health trajectories," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 34(10), pages 285-320.
    6. András Folyovich & Ildikó Vastagh & Anna Kéri & Angéla Majoros & Koppány Kovács & András Ajtay & Zsuzsanna Laki & Bence Gunda & Katalin Erdei & Laura Lenti & Zsófia Dános & Dániel Bereczki, 2015. "Living standard is related to microregional differences in stroke characteristics in Central Europe: the Budapest Districts 8–12 Project," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 60(4), pages 487-494, May.
    7. Roger O. McClellan, 2016. "Providing Context for Ambient Particulate Matter and Estimates of Attributable Mortality," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(9), pages 1755-1765, September.
    8. John Robert Warren, 2016. "Does Growing Childhood Socioeconomic Inequality Mean Future Inequality in Adult Health?," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 663(1), pages 292-330, January.
    9. Jiemin Ma & Jiaquan Xu & Robert N Anderson & Ahmedin Jemal, 2012. "Widening Educational Disparities in Premature Death Rates in Twenty Six States in the United States, 1993–2007," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(7), pages 1-10, July.
    10. Rosenberg, Molly & Beidelman, Erika & Chen, Xiwei & Canning, David & Kobayashi, Lindsay & Kahn, Kathleen & Pettifor, Audrey & Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa Whiteson, 2023. "The impact of a randomized cash transfer intervention on mortality of adult household members in rural South Africa, 2011–2022," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    11. Guthrie, Lori C. & Butler, Stephen C. & Ward, Michael M., 2009. "Time perspective and socioeconomic status: A link to socioeconomic disparities in health?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(12), pages 2145-2151, June.

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