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An approach to studying social disparities in health and health care

Author

Listed:
  • Braveman, P.A.
  • Egerter, S.A.
  • Cubbin, C.
  • Marchi, K.S.

Abstract

Objective. We explored methods and potential applications of a systematic approach to studying and monitoring social disparities in health and health care. Methods. Using delayed or no prenatal care as an example indicator, we (1) categorized women into groups with different levels of underlying social advantage; (2) described and graphically displayed rates of the indicator and relative group size for each social group; (3) identified and measured disparities, calculating relative risks and rate differences to compare each group with its a priori most-advantaged counterpart; (4) examined changes in rates and disparities over time; and (5) conducted multivariate analyses for the overall sample and "atrisk" groups to identify particular factors warranting attention. Results. We identified at-risk groups and relevant factors and suggest ways to direct efforts for reducing prenatal care disparities. Conclusions. This systematic approach should be useful for studying and monitoring disparities in other indicators of health and health care.

Suggested Citation

  • Braveman, P.A. & Egerter, S.A. & Cubbin, C. & Marchi, K.S., 2004. "An approach to studying social disparities in health and health care," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 94(12), pages 2139-2148.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2004:94:12:2139-2148_8
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    Cited by:

    1. Paul D. Juarez & Mohammad Tabatabai & Robert Burciaga Valdez & Darryl B. Hood & Wansoo Im & Charles Mouton & Cynthia Colen & Mohammad Z. Al-Hamdan & Patricia Matthews-Juarez & Maureen Y. Lichtveld & D, 2020. "The Effects of Social, Personal, and Behavioral Risk Factors and PM 2.5 on Cardio-Metabolic Disparities in a Cohort of Community Health Center Patients," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-19, May.
    2. Cerdá, Magdalena & Buka, Stephen L. & Rich-Edwards, Janet W., 2008. "Neighborhood influences on the association between maternal age and birthweight: A multilevel investigation of age-related disparities in health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(9), pages 2048-2060, May.
    3. Scribner, Richard Allen & Theall, Katherine P. & Simonsen, Neal R. & Mason, Karen E. & Yu, Qingzhao, 2009. "Misspecification of the effect of race in fixed effects models of health inequalities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(11), pages 1584-1591, December.
    4. Fiel & Fiel (ed.), 2007. "La Desigualdad en la Salud," Books at FIEL, FIEL, edition 1, volume 1, number 1107.
    5. Loretta Bass & M. Warehime, 2009. "Do Health Insurance and Residence Pattern the Likelihood of Tubal Sterilization among American Women?," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 28(2), pages 237-249, April.

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