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HIV in the United States at the turn of the century: An epidemic in transition

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  • Karon, J.M.
  • Fleming, P.L.
  • Steketee, R.W.
  • De Cock, K.M.

Abstract

Objectives. The current status of and changes in the HIV epidemic in the United States are described. Methods. Surveillance data were used to evaluate time trends in AIDS diagnoses and deaths. Estimates of HIV incidence were derived from studies done during the 1990s; time trends in recent HIV incidence were inferred from HIV diagnoses and seroprevalence rates among young persons. Results. Numbers of deaths and AIDS diagnoses decreased dramatically during 1996 and 1997 but stabilized or declined only slightly during 1998 and 1999. Proportional decreases were smallest among African American women, women in the South, and persons infected through heterosexual contact. HIV incidence has been roughly constant since 1992 in most populations with time trend data, remains highest among men who have sex with men and injection drug users, and typically is higher among African Americans than other racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions. The epidemic increasingly affects women, minorities, persons infected through heterosexual contact, and the poor. Renewed interest and investment in HIV and AIDS surveillance and surveillance of behaviors associated with HIV transmission are essential to direct resources for prevention to populations with greatest need and to evaluate intervention programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Karon, J.M. & Fleming, P.L. & Steketee, R.W. & De Cock, K.M., 2001. "HIV in the United States at the turn of the century: An epidemic in transition," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 91(7), pages 1060-1068.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2001:91:7:1060-1068_3
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    Cited by:

    1. Onwujekwe, Obinna & Dike, Nkem & Chukwuka, Chinwe & Uzochukwu, Benjamin & Onyedum, Cajetan & Onoka, Chima & Ichoku, Hyacinth, 2009. "Examining catastrophic costs and benefit incidence of subsidized antiretroviral treatment (ART) programme in south-east Nigeria," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(2-3), pages 223-229, May.
    2. Nicola M Zetola & Carlos G Grijalva & Sarah Gertler & C Bradley Hare & Beth Kaplan & Teri Dowling & Grant Colfax & Mitchell H Katz & Jeffrey D Klausner, 2008. "Simplifying Consent for HIV Testing Is Associated with an Increase in HIV Testing and Case Detection in Highest Risk Groups, San Francisco January 2003–June 2007," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 3(7), pages 1-9, July.
    3. Andrew Fenelon & Michel Boudreaux, 2019. "Life and Death in the American City: Men’s Life Expectancy in 25 Major American Cities From 1990 to 2015," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 56(6), pages 2349-2375, December.
    4. Regidor, Enrique & Sánchez, Elisabeth & de la Fuente, Luis & Luquero, Francisco J. & de Mateo, Salvador & Domínguez, Vicente, 2009. "Major reduction in AIDS-mortality inequalities after HAART: The importance of absolute differences in evaluating interventions," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(3), pages 419-426, February.
    5. Emilio A. Parrado & Chris McQuiston & Chenoa A. Flippen, 2005. "Participatory Survey Research," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 34(2), pages 204-239, November.

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