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The duration and timing of exposure: Effects of socioeconomic environment on adult health

Author

Listed:
  • Power, C.
  • Manor, O.
  • Matthews, S.

Abstract

Objectives. This study investigated timing and duration effects of socio-economic status (SES) on self-rated health at 33 years of age and established whether health risks are modified by changing SES and whether cumulative SES operates through education. Methods. Data were from the 1958 British birth cohort. Occupational class at birth and at 16, 23, and 33 years of age was used to generate a lifetime SES score. Results. At 33 years of age, 12% of men and women reported poor health. SES at birth and at 16, 23, and 33 years of age was significantly associated with poor health: all ages except 16 years in men made an additional contribution to the prediction of poor health. No large differences in effect sizes emerged, suggesting that timing was not a major factor. Odds of poor health increased by 15% (men) and 18% (women) with a 1-unit increase in the lifetime SES score. Strong effects of lifetime SES persisted after adjustment for education level. Conclusions. SES from birth to 33 years of age had a cumulative effect on poor health in early adulthood. This highlights the importance of duration of exposure to socioeconomic conditions for adult health.

Suggested Citation

  • Power, C. & Manor, O. & Matthews, S., 1999. "The duration and timing of exposure: Effects of socioeconomic environment on adult health," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 89(7), pages 1059-1065.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:1999:89:7:1059-1065_7
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    Cited by:

    1. Sékou Samadoulougou & Laurence Letarte & Alexandre Lebel, 2022. "Association between Neighbourhood Deprivation Trajectories and Self-Perceived Health: Analysis of a Linked Survey and Health Administrative Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Chen, Edith & Martin, Andrew D. & Matthews, Karen A., 2006. "Socioeconomic status and health: Do gradients differ within childhood and adolescence?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(9), pages 2161-2170, May.
    3. Iveson, Matthew H. & Deary, Ian J., 2017. "Intergenerational social mobility and subjective wellbeing in later life," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 11-20.
    4. Rainham, Daniel, 2007. "Do differences in health make a difference? A review for health policymakers," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(2-3), pages 123-132, December.
    5. Kim, Jinyoung & Durden, Emily, 2007. "Socioeconomic status and age trajectories of health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 65(12), pages 2489-2502, December.
    6. Miia Bask & Pasi Haapakorva & Mika Gissler & Tiina Ristikari, 2021. "Growing up in economic hardship: The relationship between childhood social assistance recipiency and early adulthood obstacles," International Journal of Social Welfare, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(2), pages 130-139, April.
    7. Laaksonen, Mikko & Tarkiainen, Lasse & Martikainen, Pekka, 2009. "Housing wealth and mortality: A register linkage study of the Finnish population," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(5), pages 754-760, September.
    8. Mäkinen, Tomi & Laaksonen, Mikko & Lahelma, Eero & Rahkonen, Ossi, 2006. "Associations of childhood circumstances with physical and mental functioning in adulthood," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(8), pages 1831-1839, April.
    9. Liliya Leopold & Henriette Engelhartdt, 2013. "Education and physical health trajectories in old age. Evidence from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 58(1), pages 23-31, February.
    10. Hans Oh & Jordan E DeVylder & Ai Koyanagi, 2022. "Psychotic experiences as a health indicator: A provisional framework," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 68(2), pages 244-252, March.
    11. Stefania Maggi, 2006. "Analytic and Strategic Review Paper: International Perspectives on Early Child Development," Working Papers id:690, eSocialSciences.
    12. Almquist, Ylva B. & Brännström, Lars, 2012. "Childhood Peer Status and the Clustering of Adverse Living Conditions in Adulthood," Working Paper Series 1/2012, Stockholm University, Swedish Institute for Social Research.
    13. Næss, Øyvind & Hernes, Frank H. & Blane, David, 2006. "Life-course influences on mortality at older ages: Evidence from the Oslo Mortality Study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(2), pages 329-336, January.
    14. Nicholson, Amanda & Bobak, Martin & Murphy, Michael & Rose, Richard & Marmot, Michael, 2005. "Socio-economic influences on self-rated health in Russian men and women--a life course approach," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 61(11), pages 2345-2354, December.
    15. Elwell-Sutton, Timothy M. & Jiang, Chao Qiang & Zhang, Wei Sen & Cheng, Kar Keung & Lam, Tai Hing & Leung, Gabriel M. & Schooling, C.M., 2011. "Socioeconomic influences at different life stages on health in Guangzhou, China," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 72(11), pages 1884-1892, June.
    16. Watson, Dorothy & Maître, Bertrand & Grotti, Raffaele & Whelan, Christopher T., 2018. "Poverty Dynamics of Social Risk Groups in the EU: an analysis of the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, 2005 to 2014," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number BKMNEXT345.
    17. Antwan Jones, 2018. "Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Health during Childhood: A Longitudinal Examination of Racial/Ethnic Differences in Parental Socioeconomic Timing and Child Obesity Risk," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-17, April.
    18. Almquist, Ylva B. & Brännström, Lars, 2014. "Childhood peer status and the clustering of social, economic, and health-related circumstances in adulthood," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 67-75.

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