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Racial discrimination and skin color in the CARDIA study: Implications for public health research

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  • Krieger, N.
  • Sidney, S.
  • Coakley, E.

Abstract

Objectives. This study assessed whether skin color and ways of handling anger can serve as markers for experiences of racial discrimination and responses to unfair treatment in public health research. Methods. Survey data on 1844 Black women and Black men (24 to 42 years old), collected in the year 5 (1990-1991) and year 7 (1992-1993) examinations of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, were examined. Results. Skin color was not associated with self-reported experiences of racial discrimination in 5 of 7 specified situations (getting a job, at work, getting housing, getting medical care, in a public setting). Only moderate associations existed between darker skin color and being working class, having low income or low education, and being male (risk ratios under 2). Comparably moderate associations existed between internalizing anger and typically responding to unfair treatment as a fact of life or keeping such treatment to oneself. Conclusions. Self-reported experiences of racial discrimination and responses to unfair treatment should be measured directly in public health research; data on skin color and ways of handling anger are not sufficient.

Suggested Citation

  • Krieger, N. & Sidney, S. & Coakley, E., 1998. "Racial discrimination and skin color in the CARDIA study: Implications for public health research," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 88(9), pages 1308-1313.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:1998:88:9:1308-1313_7
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    Cited by:

    1. Traci Burch, 2015. "Skin Color and the Criminal Justice System: Beyond Black‐White Disparities in Sentencing," Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 12(3), pages 395-420, September.
    2. Harris, Ricci & Tobias, Martin & Jeffreys, Mona & Waldegrave, Kiri & Karlsen, Saffron & Nazroo, James, 2006. "Racism and health: The relationship between experience of racial discrimination and health in New Zealand," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(6), pages 1428-1441, September.
    3. Landale, Nancy S. & Oropesa, R.S., 2005. "What does skin color have to do with infant health? An analysis of low birth weight among mainland and island Puerto Ricans," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 61(2), pages 379-391, July.
    4. Borrell, Luisa N. & Kiefe, Catarina I. & Williams, David R. & Diez-Roux, Ana V. & Gordon-Larsen, Penny, 2006. "Self-reported health, perceived racial discrimination, and skin color in African Americans in the CARDIA study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(6), pages 1415-1427, September.
    5. Krista M. Perreira & Joshua Wassink & Kathleen Mullan Harris, 2019. "Beyond Race/Ethnicity: Skin Color, Gender, and the Health of Young Adults in the United States," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 38(2), pages 271-299, April.
    6. Perreira, Krista M. & Telles, Edward E., 2014. "The color of health: Skin color, ethnoracial classification, and discrimination in the health of Latin Americans," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 241-250.
    7. Slaughter-Acey, Jaime C. & Brown, Tony N. & Keith, Verna M. & Dailey, Rhonda & Misra, Dawn P., 2020. "A tale of two generations: Maternal skin color and adverse birth outcomes in Black/African American women," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).

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