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Can dietary interventions change diet and cardiovascular risk factors? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Author

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  • Brunner, E.
  • White, I.
  • Thorogood, M.
  • Bristow, A.
  • Curle, D.
  • Marmot, M.

Abstract

Objectives. This study evaluated the effectiveness of dietary advice in primary prevention of chronic disease. Methods. A meta-analysis was conducted of 17 randomized controlled trials of dietary behavior interventions of at least 3 months' duration. Results were analyzed as changes in reported dietary fat intakes and biomedical measures (serum cholesterol, urinary sodium, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) in the intervention group minus changes in the control group at 3 to 6 months and 9 to 18 months of follow-up. Results. After 3 to 6 months, mean net changes in each of the five outcomes favored intervention. For dietary fat as a percentage of food energy, the change was -2.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = -3.9%, -1.1%). Mean net changes over 9 to 18 months were as follows: serum cholesterol, - 0.22 (95% CI = -0.39, -0.05) mmol/L; urinary sodium, -45.0 (95% CI = -57.1, - 32.8) mmol/24 hours; systolic blood pressure, -1.9 (95% CI = -3.0, 0.8) mm Hg; and diastolic blood pressure, -1.2 (95% CI = -2.6, 0.2) mm Hg. Conclusions. Individual dietary interventions in primary prevention can achieve modest improvements in diet and cardiovascular disease risk status that are maintained for 9 to 18 months.

Suggested Citation

  • Brunner, E. & White, I. & Thorogood, M. & Bristow, A. & Curle, D. & Marmot, M., 1997. "Can dietary interventions change diet and cardiovascular risk factors? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 87(9), pages 1415-1422.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:1997:87:9:1415-1422_3
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    Cited by:

    1. Dongmei Wang & Canhuang Chen & Yu Wang & Jiaxing Liu & Rongkai Lin, 2014. "Effect of Black Tea Consumption on Blood Cholesterol: A Meta-Analysis of 15 Randomized Controlled Trials," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(9), pages 1-12, September.

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