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Occupational risks associated with cigarette smoking: A prospective study

Author

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  • Ryan, J.
  • Zwerling, C.
  • Orav, E.J.

Abstract

Background. Studies have indicated that cigarette smokers have more occupational accidents and injuries and use more sick time and health benefits than nonsmokers, therapy producing sizeable costs for employers. However, they usually have not controlled for other possible sources of these costs. We analyzed occupational costs associated with smoking while adjusting for a number of potential confounders. Methods. We conducted a prospective, controlled study of the association between smoking and employment outcomes in 2537 postal employees, adjusting for age, gender, race, drug use, job category, and exercise habits. Results. For smokers, the relative risk for turnover was 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-1.21); for accidents 1.29 (CI, 1.07-1.55); for injuries 1.40 (CI, 1.11-1.77); for discipline 1.55 (CI, 1.19-2.02). Their mean absence rate was 5.43% compared with 4.06% for nonsmokers. Conclusions. Our study shows that cigarette smoking is associated with adverse employment outcomes after controlling for a number of possible confounders. This finding has implications for companies formulating smoking policies and considering the establishment of smoking cessation programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Ryan, J. & Zwerling, C. & Orav, E.J., 1992. "Occupational risks associated with cigarette smoking: A prospective study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 82(1), pages 29-32.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:1992:82:1:29-32_4
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    Cited by:

    1. Samir Soneji & Gary King, 2012. "Statistical Security for Social Security," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 49(3), pages 1037-1060, August.
    2. Alexander Rommel & Gianni Varnaccia & Nils Lahmann & Jan Kottner & Lars Eric Kroll, 2016. "Occupational Injuries in Germany: Population-Wide National Survey Data Emphasize the Importance of Work-Related Factors," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(2), pages 1-16, February.
    3. Nakata, Akinori & Ikeda, Tomoko & Takahashi, Masaya & Haratani, Takashi & Hojou, Minoru & Fujioka, Yosei & Araki, Shunichi, 2006. "Non-fatal occupational injury among active and passive smokers in small- and medium-scale manufacturing enterprises in Japan," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(9), pages 2452-2463, November.
    4. Jenny Lye & Joe Hirschberg, 2004. "Alcohol consumption, smoking and wages," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(16), pages 1807-1817.
    5. Heni Wahyuni, 2016. "The impact of health status and smoking behaviour on Indonesian labor wage," Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, Universitas Islam Indonesia, vol. 8(1), pages 1-12, April.

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