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Increases in Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection Related to a Growing Opioid Epidemic and Associated Injection Drug Use, United States, 2004 to 2014

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  • Zibbell, J.E.
  • Asher, A.K.
  • Patel, R.C.
  • Kupronis, B.
  • Iqbal, K.
  • Ward, J.W.
  • Holtzman, D.

Abstract

Objectives. To compare US trends in rates of injection drug use (IDU), specifically opioid injection, with national trends in the incidence of acute HCV infection to assess whether these events correlated over time. Methods. We calculated the annual incidence rate and demographic and risk characteristics of reported cases of acute HCV infection using surveillance data from 2004 to 2014 and the annual percentage of admissions to substance use disorder treatment facilities reporting IDU for the same time period by type of drug injected and demographic characteristics. We then tested for trends. Results. The annual incidence rate of acute HCV infection increased more than 2-fold (from 0.3 to 0.7 cases/100 000) from 2004 to 2014, with significant increases among select demographic subgroups. Admissions for substance use disorder attributed to injection of heroin and prescription opioid analgesics increased significantly, with an almost 4-fold increase in prescription opioid analgesic injection. Significant increases in opioid injection mirrored those for reported cases of acute HCV infection among demographic subgroups. Conclusions. These findings strongly suggest that the national increase in acute HCV infection is related to the country’s opioid epidemic and associated increases in IDU.

Suggested Citation

  • Zibbell, J.E. & Asher, A.K. & Patel, R.C. & Kupronis, B. & Iqbal, K. & Ward, J.W. & Holtzman, D., 2018. "Increases in Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection Related to a Growing Opioid Epidemic and Associated Injection Drug Use, United States, 2004 to 2014," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 108(2), pages 175-181.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2017.304132_9
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304132
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    Cited by:

    1. John J. Jost & Barbara Tempalski & Tatiana Vera & Matthew J. Akiyama & Aprille P. Mangalonzo & Alain H. Litwin, 2019. "Gaps in HCV Knowledge and Risk Behaviors among Young Suburban People Who Inject Drugs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-10, June.
    2. Francisco A. Montiel Ishino & Tamika Gilreath & Faustine Williams, 2020. "Finding the Hidden Risk Profiles of the United States Opioid Epidemic: Using a Person-Centered Approach on a National Dataset of Noninstitutionalized Adults Reporting Opioid Misuse," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-14, June.
    3. Monica A Konerman & Lauren A Beste & Tony Van & Boang Liu & Xuefei Zhang & Ji Zhu & Sameer D Saini & Grace L Su & Brahmajee K Nallamothu & George N Ioannou & Akbar K Waljee, 2019. "Machine learning models to predict disease progression among veterans with hepatitis C virus," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, January.
    4. Shrestha, Shikhar & Bauer, Cici X.C. & Hendricks, Brian & Stopka, Thomas J., 2022. "Spatial epidemiology: An empirical framework for syndemics research," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    5. David Beheshti, 2019. "Adverse health effects of abuse‐deterrent opioids: Evidence from the reformulation of OxyContin," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(12), pages 1449-1461, December.
    6. Gang Huang & Wei Cheng & Yun Xu & Jiezhe Yang & Jun Jiang & Xiaohong Pan & Xin Zhou & Jianmin Jiang & Chengliang Chai, 2022. "Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Tool to Identify People at Greater Risk of Having Hepatitis C among Drug Users," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-11, November.

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