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Autism spectrum disorder among US children (2002-2010): Socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic disparities

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Listed:
  • Durkin, M.S.
  • Maenner, M.J.
  • Baio, J.
  • Christensen, D.
  • Daniels, J.
  • Fitzgerald, R.
  • Imm, P.
  • Lee, L.-C.
  • Schieve, L.A.
  • Van Naarden Braun, K.
  • Wingate, M.S.
  • Yeargin-Allsopp, M.

Abstract

Objectives. To describe the association between indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) and the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the United States during the period 2002 to 2010, when overall ASD prevalence among children more than doubled, and to determine whether SES disparities account for ongoing racial and ethnic disparities in ASD prevalence. Methods. We computed ASD prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from population-based surveillance, census, and survey data. We defined SES categories by using area-level education, income, and poverty indicators.Weascertained ASD in 13 396 of 1 308 641 8-year-old children under surveillance. Results. The prevalence of ASD increased with increasing SES during each surveillance year amongWhite, Black, and Hispanic children.The prevalence difference between highand low-SES groups was relatively constant over time (3.9/1000 [95% CI = 3.3, 4.5] in 2002 and 4.1/1000 [95% CI = 3.6, 4.6] in the period 2006-2010). Significant racial/ethnic differences in ASD prevalence remained after stratification by SES. Conclusions. A positive SES gradient in ASD prevalence according to US surveillance data prevailed between 2002 and 2010, and racial and ethnic disparities in prevalence persisted during this time among low-SES children.

Suggested Citation

  • Durkin, M.S. & Maenner, M.J. & Baio, J. & Christensen, D. & Daniels, J. & Fitzgerald, R. & Imm, P. & Lee, L.-C. & Schieve, L.A. & Van Naarden Braun, K. & Wingate, M.S. & Yeargin-Allsopp, M., 2017. "Autism spectrum disorder among US children (2002-2010): Socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic disparities," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 107(11), pages 1818-1826.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2017.304032_3
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304032
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    Cited by:

    1. Julie Vinck, 2020. "Income poverty among children with a disability in Belgium: the interplay between parental employment, social background and targeted cash support," Working Papers 2009, Herman Deleeck Centre for Social Policy, University of Antwerp.
    2. Hampton, Matt & McNamara, Scott, 2022. "The impact of educational rewards on the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 47(C).
    3. Teal W Benevides & Henry J Carretta & George Rust & Lindsay Shea, 2021. "Racial and ethnic disparities in benefits eligibility and spending among adults on the autism spectrum: A cohort study using the Medicare Medicaid Linked Enrollees Analytic Data Source," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(5), pages 1-16, May.

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