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Social and built environmental correlates of predicted blood lead levels in the flint water crisis

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  • Sadler, R.C.
  • LaChance, J.
  • Hanna-Attisha, M.

Abstract

Objectives. To highlight contextual factors tied to increased blood lead level (BLL) risk following the lead-in-water contamination in Flint, Michigan. Methods. Using geocoded BLL data collected in 2013 and 2015 and areal interpolation, we predicted BLLs at every residential parcel in the city. We then spatially joined social and built environmental variables to link the parcels with neighborhood-level factors that may influence BLLs. Results. When we compared levels before and during the water crisis, we saw the highest estimates of predicted BLLs during the water crisis and the greatest changes in BLLs in neighborhoods with the longest water residence time in pipes (μ = 2.30 μg/dL; δ = 0.45 μg/dL), oldest house age (μ = 2.22 μg/dL; δ = 0.37 μg/dL), and poorest average neighborhood housing condition (μ = 2.18 μg/dL; δ = 0.44 μg/dL). Conclusions. Key social and built environmental variables correlate with BLL; such information can continue to guide response by prioritizing older, deteriorating neighborhoods with the longest water residence time in pipes.

Suggested Citation

  • Sadler, R.C. & LaChance, J. & Hanna-Attisha, M., 2017. "Social and built environmental correlates of predicted blood lead levels in the flint water crisis," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 107(5), pages 763-769.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2017.303692_2
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303692
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    Cited by:

    1. Raoul S. Liévanos & Clare R. Evans & Ryan Light, 2021. "An Intercategorical Ecology of Lead Exposure: Complex Environmental Health Vulnerabilities in the Flint Water Crisis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-23, February.
    2. Katarzyna Kordas & Julia Ravenscroft & Ying Cao & Elena V. McLean, 2018. "Lead Exposure in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Perspectives and Lessons on Patterns, Injustices, Economics, and Politics," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-18, October.
    3. Deniz Yeter & Ellen C. Banks & Michael Aschner, 2020. "Disparity in Risk Factor Severity for Early Childhood Blood Lead among Predominantly African-American Black Children: The 1999 to 2010 US NHANES," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-26, February.
    4. Amber L. Pearson & Richard C. Sadler & Daniel J. Kruger, 2019. "Social Integration may Moderate the Relationship between Neighborhood Vacancy and Mental Health Outcomes: Initial Evidence from Flint, Michigan," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 14(4), pages 1129-1144, September.
    5. Lopez Santiago, 2023. "There Is Something in the Water: The Effects of a Bad Government on Voter Turnout," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4664, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
    6. Sadler, Richard C. & Hippensteel, Christopher & Nelson, Victoria & Greene-Moton, Ella & Furr-Holden, C. Debra, 2019. "Community-engaged development of a GIS-based healthfulness index to shape health equity solutions," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 227(C), pages 63-75.

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