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Cardiometabolic mortality by supplemental nutrition assistance program participation and eligibility in the United States

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  • Conrad, Z.
  • Rehm, C.D.
  • Wilde, P.
  • Mozaffarian, D.

Abstract

Objectives. To investigate total and cause-specific cardiometabolic mortality among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants, SNAP-eligible nonparticipants, and SNAP-ineligible individuals overall and by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and other characteristics. Methods. We performed a prospective study with nationally representative survey data from the National Health Interview Survey (2000-2009), merged with subsequent Public-Use Linked Mortality Files (2000-2011). We used survey-weighted Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age and gender to estimate hazard ratios of total and cause-specific cardiometabolic mortality for 499 741 US adults aged 25 years or older. Results. Over a mean of 6.8 years of follow-up (maximum 11.9 years), 39 293 deaths occurred, including 7408 heart disease, 2185 stroke, and 1376 diabetes deaths. Individuals participating in SNAP exhibited higher total and cardiovascular disease mortality, largely limited to non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks, than both SNAP-eligible nonparticipants and SNAP-ineligible individuals, and higher diabetes mortality across races/ethnicities (P>.01). Conclusions. Participants in SNAP require greater focus to understand and further address their poor health outcomes. Public Health Implications. Low-income Americans require even greater efforts to improve their health than they currently receive, and such efforts should be a priority for public health policymakers.

Suggested Citation

  • Conrad, Z. & Rehm, C.D. & Wilde, P. & Mozaffarian, D., 2017. "Cardiometabolic mortality by supplemental nutrition assistance program participation and eligibility in the United States," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 107(3), pages 466-474.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2016.303608_6
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303608
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    Cited by:

    1. Jones, Jordan W. & Courtemanche, Charles & Marton, James, 2018. "The Impacts of the Food Stamp Program on Mortality," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 273845, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    2. Katherine Consavage Stanley & Paige B. Harrigan & Elena L. Serrano & Vivica I. Kraak, 2021. "Applying a Multi-Dimensional Digital Food and Nutrition Literacy Model to Inform Research and Policies to Enable Adults in the U.S. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program to Make Healthy Purchases ," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-25, August.
    3. Brittany M. Loofbourrow & Rachel E. Scherr, 2023. "Food Insecurity in Higher Education: A Contemporary Review of Impacts and Explorations of Solutions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-15, May.

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