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Disability-free life expectancy over 30 years: A growing female disadvantage in the US population

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  • Freedman, V.A.
  • Wolf, D.A.
  • Spillman, B.C.

Abstract

Objectives. To examine changes in active life expectancy in the United States over 30 years for older men and women (aged ≥ 65 years). Methods.We used the 1982 and 2004 National Long Term Care Survey and the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study to estimate age-specific mortality and disability rates, the overall chances of survival and of surviving without disability, and years of active life for men and women. Results. For older men, longevity has increased, disability has been postponed to older ages, disability prevalence has fallen, and the percentage of remaining life spent active has increased. However, for older women, small longevity increases have been accompanied by even smaller postponements in disability, a reversal of a downward trend in moderate disability, and stagnation of active life as a percentage of life expectancy. As a consequence, older women no longer live more active years than men, despite their longer lives. Conclusions. Neither a compression nor expansion of late-life disability is inevitable. Public health measures directed at older women to postpone disability may be needed to offset impending long-term care pressures related to population aging.

Suggested Citation

  • Freedman, V.A. & Wolf, D.A. & Spillman, B.C., 2016. "Disability-free life expectancy over 30 years: A growing female disadvantage in the US population," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(6), pages 1079-1085.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2016.303089_0
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2016.303089
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    Cited by:

    1. Juliane Tetzlaff & Denise Muschik & Jelena Epping & Sveja Eberhard & Siegfried Geyer, 2017. "Expansion or compression of multimorbidity? 10-year development of life years spent in multimorbidity based on health insurance claims data of Lower Saxony, Germany," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 62(6), pages 679-686, July.
    2. Yuka S. Minagawa, 2018. "Changing Life Expectancy and Health Expectancy Among Russian Adults: Results from the Past 20 Years," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 37(5), pages 851-869, October.
    3. Anthony R. Bardo & Jason L. Cummings, 2023. "Life, Longevity, and the Pursuit of Happiness: The Role of Disability in Shaping Racial and Sex Disparities in Living a Long and Happy Life," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 42(4), pages 1-26, August.

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