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Public health monitoring of privilege and deprivation with the index of concentration at the extremes

Author

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  • Krieger, N.
  • Waterman, P.D.
  • Spasojevic, J.
  • Li, W.
  • Maduro, G.
  • Van Wye, G.

Abstract

Objectives. We evaluated use of the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) for public health monitoring. Methods.We used New York City data centered around 2010 to assess cross-sectional associations at the census tract and community district levels, for (1) diverse ICE measures plus the US poverty rate, with (2) infant mortality, premature mortality (before age 65 years), and diabetes mortality. Results. Point estimates for rate ratios were consistently greatest for the novel ICE that jointly measured extreme concentrations of income and race/ethnicity. For example, the census tract-level rate ratio for infant mortality comparing the bottom versus top quintile for an ICE contrasting low-income Black versus high-income White equaled 2.93 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.11, 4.09), but was 2.19 (95% CI = 1.59, 3.02) for low versus high income, 2.77 (95% CI = 2.02, 3.81) for Black versus White, and 1.56 (95% CI = 1.19, 2.04) for census tracts with greater than or equal to 30% versus less than 10% below poverty. Conclusions. The ICE may be a useful metric for public health monitoring, as it simultaneously captures extremes of privilege and deprivation and can jointly measure economic and racial/ethnic segregation.

Suggested Citation

  • Krieger, N. & Waterman, P.D. & Spasojevic, J. & Li, W. & Maduro, G. & Van Wye, G., 2016. "Public health monitoring of privilege and deprivation with the index of concentration at the extremes," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(2), pages 256-263.
  • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2015.302955_2
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302955
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    7. Veni Kandasamy & Ashley H Hirai & Jay S Kaufman & Arthur R James & Milton Kotelchuck, 2020. "Regional variation in Black infant mortality: The contribution of contextual factors," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(8), pages 1-15, August.
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    16. Pichardo, Catherine M. & Chambers, Earle C. & Sanchez-Johnsen, Lisa A.P. & Pichardo, Margaret S. & Gallo, Linda & Talavera, Gregory A. & Pirzada, Amber & Roy, Amanda & Castañeda, Sheila F. & Durazo-Ar, 2023. "Association of census-tract level gentrification and income inequality with 6-year incidence of metabolic syndrome in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, an epidemiologic cohort stud," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
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