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The drinking water disparities framework: On the origins and persistence of inequities in exposure

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  • Balazs, C.L.
  • Ray, I.

Abstract

With this article, we develop the Drinking Water Disparities Framework to explain environmental injustice in the context of drinking water in the United States. The framework builds on the social epidemiology and environmental justice literatures, and is populated with 5 years of field data (2005-2010) from California's San Joaquin Valley. We trace the mechanisms through which natural, built, and sociopolitical factors work through state, county, community, and household actors to constrain access to safe water and to financial resources for communities. These constraints and regulatory failures produce social disparities in exposure to drinking water contaminants. Water system and household coping capacities lead, at best, to partial protection against exposure. This composite burden explains the origins and persistence of social disparities in exposure to drinking water contaminants.

Suggested Citation

  • Balazs, C.L. & Ray, I., 2014. "The drinking water disparities framework: On the origins and persistence of inequities in exposure," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 104(4), pages 603-611.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2013.301664_8
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301664
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    1. Irene Martinez-Morata & Benjamin C. Bostick & Otakuye Conroy-Ben & Dustin T. Duncan & Miranda R. Jones & Maya Spaur & Kevin P. Patterson & Seth J. Prins & Ana Navas-Acien & Anne E. Nigra, 2022. "Nationwide geospatial analysis of county racial and ethnic composition and public drinking water arsenic and uranium," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Tarik Benmarhnia & Ianis Delpla & Lara Schwarz & Manuel J. Rodriguez & Patrick Levallois, 2018. "Heterogeneity in the Relationship between Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water and Cancer: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-13, May.
    3. Hollynd Boyden & Mayela Gillan & Javier Molina & Ashok Gadgil & Winston Tseng, 2023. "Community Perceptions of Arsenic Contaminated Drinking Water and Preferences for Risk Communication in California’s San Joaquin Valley," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-18, January.
    4. Clare Pace & Amanda Fencl & Lauren Baehner & Heather Lukacs & Lara J. Cushing & Rachel Morello-Frosch, 2022. "The Drinking Water Tool: A Community-Driven Data Visualization Tool for Policy Implementation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-20, January.
    5. Christine Martin & Vanessa W. Simonds & Sara L. Young & John Doyle & Myra Lefthand & Margaret J. Eggers, 2021. "Our Relationship to Water and Experience of Water Insecurity among Apsáalooke (Crow Indian) People, Montana," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-20, January.
    6. Nancey Green Leigh & Heonyeong Lee, 2019. "Sustainable and Resilient Urban Water Systems: The Role of Decentralization and Planning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-17, February.
    7. John T. Doyle & Larry Kindness & James Realbird & Margaret J. Eggers & Anne K. Camper, 2018. "Challenges and Opportunities for Tribal Waters: Addressing Disparities in Safe Public Drinking Water on the Crow Reservation in Montana, USA," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-13, March.
    8. Felina M. Cordova-Marks & William O. Carson & Angela Monetathchi & Alyssa Little & Jennifer Erdrich, 2022. "Native and Indigenous Populations and Gastric Cancer: A Worldwide Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-13, April.
    9. Margaret J. Eggers & John T. Doyle & Myra J. Lefthand & Sara L. Young & Anita L. Moore-Nall & Larry Kindness & Roberta Other Medicine & Timothy E. Ford & Eric Dietrich & Albert E. Parker & Joseph H. H, 2018. "Community Engaged Cumulative Risk Assessment of Exposure to Inorganic Well Water Contaminants, Crow Reservation, Montana," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-34, January.
    10. Paxton, Catherine M. & Anderson, Kayla M. & McDonald, Yolanda J., 2022. "The water sector industry workforce: A quantitative case study, Tennessee, USA," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    11. Dobbin, Kristin B. & Fencl, Amanda L., 2021. "Institutional diversity and safe drinking water provision in the United States," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    12. Kathryn Furlong & Marie-Noëlle Carré & Tatiana Acevedo Guerrero, 2017. "Urban service provision: Insights from pragmatism and ethics," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 49(12), pages 2800-2812, December.
    13. Rumbach, Andrew & Sullivan, Esther & McMullen, Shelley & Makarewicz, Carrie, 2022. "You don’t need zoning to be exclusionary: Manufactured home parks, land-use regulations and housing segregation in the Houston metropolitan area," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    14. Swope, Carolyn B. & Hernández, Diana, 2019. "Housing as a determinant of health equity: A conceptual model," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    15. Fernandez-Bou, Angel Santiago & Rodriguez-Flores, Jose M. & Ortiz-Partida, J. Pablo & Fencl, Amanda & Classen-Rodriguez, Leticia & Yang, Vivian & Williams, Emily & Schull, Val Zayden & Dobbin, Kristin, 2024. "Cropland repurposing as a tool for water sustainability and a just socioenvironmental transition in California: Review and Best Practices," OSF Preprints bvfsm, Center for Open Science.
    16. Aisha Aziz & Kashif Akram & Muhammad Abrar ul Haq & Iqbal Thonse Hawaldar & Mustafa Raza Rabbani, 2022. "Examining the Role of Clean Drinking Water Plants in Mitigating Drinking Water-Induced Morbidity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-21, August.

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