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Experiences of discrimination and their impact on the mental health among African American, Asian and Pacific Islander, and Latino men who have sex with men

Author

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  • Choi, K.-H.
  • Paul, J.
  • Ayala, G.
  • Boylan, R.
  • Gregorich, S.E.

Abstract

Objectives: We examined the associations between specific types and sources of discrimination and mental health outcomes among US racial/ethnic minority men who have sex with men (MSM) and how these associations varied by race/ethnicity. Methods: A chain-referral sample of 403 African American, 393 Asian and Pacific Islander (API), and 400 Latino MSM recruited in Los Angeles County, California completed a standardized questionnaire. Data were obtained from the Ethnic Minority Men's Health Study from May 2008 to October 2009. Results: Past-year experiences of racism within the general community and perceived homophobia among heterosexual friends were positively associated with depression and anxiety. Past-year homophobia experienced within the general community was also positively associated with anxiety. These statistically significant associations did not vary across racial/ethnic groups. The positive association of perceived racism within the gay community with anxiety differed by race/ethnicity, and was statistically significant only for APIs. Perceived homophobia within the family was not associated with either depression or anxiety. Conclusions: Higher levels of experiences of discrimination were associated with psychological distress among MSM of color. However, specific types and sources of discrimination were differentially linked to negative mental health outcomes among African American, API, and Latino MSM.

Suggested Citation

  • Choi, K.-H. & Paul, J. & Ayala, G. & Boylan, R. & Gregorich, S.E., 2013. "Experiences of discrimination and their impact on the mental health among African American, Asian and Pacific Islander, and Latino men who have sex with men," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 103(5), pages 868-874.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2012.301052_1
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301052
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    Cited by:

    1. Mieko Yoshihama & Jun Sung Hong & Yueqi Yan, 2022. "Everyday Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms among Gujarati Adults: Gender Difference in the Role of Social Support," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-13, July.
    2. Joseph Slimowicz & Jedidiah Siev & Paula M. Brochu, 2020. "Impact of Status-Based Rejection Sensitivity on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Gay Men," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-10, February.
    3. Sanghoon Lee, 2021. "Social Tolerance and Economic Development," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 158(3), pages 1087-1103, December.
    4. Shelton, Rachel C. & Lee, Matthew & Brotzman, Laura E. & Crookes, Danielle M. & Jandorf, Lina & Erwin, Deborah & Gage-Bouchard, Elizabeth A., 2019. "Use of social network analysis in the development, dissemination, implementation, and sustainability of health behavior interventions for adults: A systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 81-101.
    5. Fotouhi, Babak & Rytina, Steven, 2018. "Mathematical Modeling and Inference for Degree-capped Ego-centric Network Sampling," SocArXiv 5kez8, Center for Open Science.
    6. Batchelder, Abigail W. & Foley, Jacklyn D. & Kim, Jane & Thiim, Aron & Kelly, John & Mayer, Kenneth & O'Cleirigh, Conall, 2021. "Intersecting internalized stigmas and HIV self-care among men who have sex with men and who use substances," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    7. Carter, Jarvis W. & Salabarría-Peña, Yamir & Fields, Errol L. & Robinson, William T., 2022. "Evaluating for health equity among a cluster of health departments implementing PrEP services," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).

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