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Income inequality in health at all ages: A comparison of the United States and England

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  • Martinson, M.L.

Abstract

Objectives. I systematically examined income gradients in health in the United States and England across the life span (ages birth to 80 years), separately for females and males, for a number of health conditions. Methods. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the United States (n = 36 360) and the Health Survey for England (n = 55 783), I calculated weighted prevalence rates and risk ratios by income level for the following health risk factors or conditions: obesity, hypertension, diabetes, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high cholesterol ratio, heart attack or angina, stroke, and asthma. Results. In the United States and England, the income gradients in health are very similar across age, gender, and numerous health conditions, and are robust to adjustments for race/ethnicity, health behaviors, body mass index, and health insurance. Conclusions. Health disparities by income are pervasive in England as well as in the United States, despite better overall health, universal health insurance, and more generous social protection spending in England.

Suggested Citation

  • Martinson, M.L., 2012. "Income inequality in health at all ages: A comparison of the United States and England," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(11), pages 2049-2056.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2012.300929_6
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.300929
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    Cited by:

    1. Raskina, Yulia & Podkorytova, Olga & Kuchakov, Ruslan, 2022. "Health determinants and the reporting heterogeneity bias in Russia: Anchoring vignettes approach," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 66, pages 118-143.
    2. Alice Goisis & Wendy Sigle-Rushton, 2014. "Childbearing Postponement and Child Well-being: A Complex and Varied Relationship?," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 51(5), pages 1821-1841, October.
    3. Chubarova, T., 2020. "Income and consumption of medical care through the lens of protected goods' approach," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, vol. 47(3), pages 190-196.
    4. Natasha Pilkauskas & Melissa Martinson, 2014. "Three-generation family households in early childhood: Comparisons between the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 30(60), pages 1639-1652.
    5. Paolo Roffia & Alessandro Bucciol & Sara Hashlamoun, 2023. "Determinants of life expectancy at birth: a longitudinal study on OECD countries," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 189-212, June.

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