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Racial discrimination and racial identity attitudes in relation to self-rated health and physical pain and impairment among two-spirit American Indians/Alaska Natives

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  • Chae, D.H.
  • Walters, K.L.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: We examined associations between racial discrimination and actualization, defined as the degree of positive integration between self-identity and racial group identity, and self-rated health and physical pain and impairment. METHODS: We used logistic regressions to analyze data from 447 gay, lesbian, bisexual, and other sexual-minority American Indians/Alaska Natives. RESULTS: Greater self-reported discrimination was associated with higher odds of physical pain and impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13, 1.78); high levels of actualization were associated with lower odds of physical pain and impairment (OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.35, 0.99) and self-rated fair or poor health (OR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.32, 0.90). Actualization also moderated the influence of discrimination on self-rated health (t = -2.33; P = .020). Discrimination was positively associated with fair or poor health among participants with low levels of actualization, but this association was weak among those with high levels of actualization. CONCLUSIONS: Among two-spirit American Indians/Alaska Natives, discrimination may be a risk factor for physical pain and impairment and for fair or poor self-rated health among those with low levels of actualization. Actualization may protect against physical pain and impairment and poor self-rated health and buffer the negative influence of discrimination.

Suggested Citation

  • Chae, D.H. & Walters, K.L., 2009. "Racial discrimination and racial identity attitudes in relation to self-rated health and physical pain and impairment among two-spirit American Indians/Alaska Natives," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 99(S1), pages 144-151.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2007.126003_3
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.126003
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    Cited by:

    1. Nicole P. Yuan & Bonnie M. Duran & Karina L. Walters & Cynthia R. Pearson & Tessa A. Evans-Campbell, 2014. "Alcohol Misuse and Associations with Childhood Maltreatment and Out-of-Home Placement among Urban Two-Spirit American Indian and Alaska Native People," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-19, October.
    2. Allan K. Nkwata & Ming Zhang & Xiao Song & Bruno Giordani & Amara E. Ezeamama, 2021. "The Relationship of Race, Psychosocial Stress and Resiliency Indicators to Neurocognitive Impairment among Older Americans Enrolled in the Health and Retirement Survey: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-15, February.
    3. Chen, Danhong & Yang, Tse-Chuan, 2014. "The pathways from perceived discrimination to self-rated health: An investigation of the roles of distrust, social capital, and health behaviors," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 64-73.
    4. Melissa E. Lewis & Jamie Smith & Sky Wildcat & Amber Anderson & Melissa L. Walls, 2022. "The Health Effects of a Cherokee Grounded Culture and Leadership Program," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-15, June.
    5. Melissa L. Walls & Kelley J. Sittner & Benjamin D. Aronson & Angie K. Forsberg & Les B. Whitbeck & Mustafa Al’Absi, 2017. "Stress Exposure and Physical, Mental, and Behavioral Health among American Indian Adults with Type 2 Diabetes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-11, September.

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