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Mental health in Sumatra after the tsunami

Author

Listed:
  • Frankenberg, E.
  • Friedman, J.
  • Gillespie, T.
  • Ingwersen, N.
  • Pynoos, R.
  • Rifai, I.U.
  • Sikoki, B.
  • Steinberg, A.
  • Sumantri, C.
  • Suriastini, W.
  • Thomas, D.

Abstract

Objectives. We assessed the levels and correlates of posttraumatic stress reactivity (PTSR) of more than 20 000 adult tsunami survivors by analyzing survey data from coastal Aceh and North Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods. A population-representative sample of individuals interviewed before the tsunami was traced in 2005 to 2006. We constructed 2 scales measuring PTSR by using 7 symptom items from the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist-Civilian Version. One scale measured PTSR at the time of interview, and the other measured PTSR at the point of maximum intensity since the disaster. Results. PTSR scores were highest for respondents from heavily damaged areas. In all areas, scores declined over time. Gender and age were significant predictors of PTSR; markers of socioeconomic status before the tsunami were not. Exposure to traumatic events, loss of kin, and property damage were significantly associated with higher PTSR scores. Conclusions. The tsunami produced posttraumatic stress reactions across a wide region of Aceh and North Sumatra. Public health will be enhanced by the provision of counseling services that reach not only people directly affected by the tsunami but also those living beyond the area of immediate impact.

Suggested Citation

  • Frankenberg, E. & Friedman, J. & Gillespie, T. & Ingwersen, N. & Pynoos, R. & Rifai, I.U. & Sikoki, B. & Steinberg, A. & Sumantri, C. & Suriastini, W. & Thomas, D., 2008. "Mental health in Sumatra after the tsunami," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(9), pages 1671-1677.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2007.120915_6
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.120915
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    2. Saki Sugano, 2016. "The Well-Being of Elderly Survivors after Natural Disasters: Measuring the Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake," The Japanese Economic Review, Japanese Economic Association, vol. 67(2), pages 211-229, June.
    3. Elizabeth Frankenberg & Thomas Gillespie & Samuel Preston & Bondan Sikoki & Duncan Thomas, 2011. "Mortality, The Family and The Indian Ocean Tsunami," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 121(554), pages 162-182, August.
    4. Achyuta Adhvaryu & James Fenske & Anant Nyshadham, 2019. "Early Life Circumstance and Adult Mental Health," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 127(4), pages 1516-1549.
    5. Yukari Yokoyama & Kotaro Otsuka & Norito Kawakami & Seiichiro Kobayashi & Akira Ogawa & Kozo Tannno & Toshiyuki Onoda & Yumi Yaegashi & Kiyomi Sakata, 2014. "Mental Health and Related Factors after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(7), pages 1-10, July.
    6. Bruno Arpino & Pierluigi Conzo & Francesco Salustri, 2022. "I am a survivor, keep on surviving: early-life exposure to conflict and subjective survival probabilities in adult life," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 35(2), pages 471-517, April.
    7. Tsuboya, Toru & Aida, Jun & Hikichi, Hiroyuki & Subramanian, S.V. & Kondo, Katsunori & Osaka, Ken & Kawachi, Ichiro, 2016. "Predictors of depressive symptoms following the Great East Japan earthquake: A prospective study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 47-54.
    8. Lisa Cameron & Manisha Shah, 2015. "Risk-Taking Behavior in the Wake of Natural Disasters," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 50(2), pages 484-515.
    9. Paxson, Christina & Fussell, Elizabeth & Rhodes, Jean & Waters, Mary, 2012. "Five years later: Recovery from post traumatic stress and psychological distress among low-income mothers affected by Hurricane Katrina," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 74(2), pages 150-157.
    10. World Bank, 2012. "Resilience, Equity, and Opportunity [Capacidad de recuperación, equidad y oportunidades]," World Bank Publications - Reports 12648, The World Bank Group.
    11. Anh Duc Dang, 2012. "On the Sources of Risk Preferences in Rural Vietnam," ANU Working Papers in Economics and Econometrics 2012-593, Australian National University, College of Business and Economics, School of Economics.
    12. Ingwersen, Nicholas & Frankenberg, Elizabeth & Thomas, Duncan, 2023. "Evolution of risk aversion over five years after a major natural disaster," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    13. Sujarwoto & Gindo Tampubolon, 2011. "Child health and mothers’ social capital in Indonesia through crisis," Global Development Institute Working Paper Series 14911, GDI, The University of Manchester.
    14. Sannabe, Atsushi & Aida, Jun & Wada, Yuri & Ichida, Yukinobu & Kondo, Katsunori & Kawachi, Ichiro, 2020. "On the direct and indirect effects of the Great East Japan earthquake on self rated health through social connections: Mediation analysis," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    15. Elizabeth Frankenberg & Cecep Sumantri & Duncan Thomas, 2023. "Understanding the Impacts of a Natural Disaster: Evidence from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami," NBER Working Papers 31132, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    16. Dang, Duc Anh, 2012. "On the sources of risk preferences in rural Vietnam," MPRA Paper 38058, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Tachibana, Towa & Goto, Rie & Sakurai, Takeshi & Rayamajhi, Santosh & Adhikari, Angel & Dow, William H., 2019. "Do remittances alleviate negative impacts of disaster on mental health? A case of the 2015 Nepal earthquake," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 1-1.
    18. Aurélia Lépine & Maria Restuccio & Eric Strobl, 2021. "Can we mitigate the effect of natural disasters on child health? Evidence from the Indian Ocean tsunami in Indonesia," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(2), pages 432-452, February.
    19. Nicholas Ingwersen & Elizabeth Frankenberg & Duncan Thomas, 2023. "Evolution of Risk Aversion over Five Years after a Major Natural Disaster," NBER Working Papers 31102, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    20. Dang, Duc Anh, 2012. "On the sources of risk preferences in rural Vietnam," MPRA Paper 38738, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    21. Raker, Ethan J. & Lowe, Sarah R. & Arcaya, Mariana C. & Johnson, Sydney T. & Rhodes, Jean & Waters, Mary C., 2019. "Twelve years later: The long-term mental health consequences of Hurricane Katrina," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    22. Syukriyah, Daim & Himaz, Rozana, 2024. "Short and medium-run effects of the Indian Ocean tsunami on health costs in Indonesia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    23. Snaebjorn Gunnsteinsson & Achyuta Adhvaryu & Parul Christian & Alain Labrique & Jonathan Sugimoto & Abu Ahmed Shamim & Keith P. West Jr, 2019. "Protecting Infants from Natural Disasters: The Case of Vitamin A Supplementation and a Tornado in Bangladesh," NBER Working Papers 25969, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

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