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Racial/ethnic differences in the development of disability among older adults

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  • Dunlop, D.D.
  • Song, J.
  • Manheim, L.M.
  • Daviglus, M.L.
  • Chang, R.W.

Abstract

Objectives. We investigated differences in the development of disability in activities of daily living among non-Hispanic Whites, African Americans, Hispanics interviewed in Spanish, and Hispanics interviewed in English. Methods. We estimated 6-year risk for disability development among 8161 participants 65 years or older and free of baseline disability. We evaluated mediating factors amenable to clinical and public health intervention on racial/ethnic difference. Results. The risk for developing disability among Hispanics interviewed in English was similar to that among Whites (hazard ratio [HR]=0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.6, 1.4) but was substantially higher among African Americans (HR=1.6; 95% CI=1.3, 1.9) and Hispanics interviewed in Spanish (HR=1.8; 95% CI=1.4, 2.1). Adjustment for demographics, health, and socioeconomic status reduced a large portion of those disparities (African American adjusted HR=1.1, Spanish-interviewed Hispanic adjusted HR=1.2). Conclusions. Higher risks for developing disability among older African Americans, and Hispanics interviewed in Spanish compared with Whites were largely attenuated by health and socioeconomic differences. Language- and culture-specific programs to increase physical activity and promote weight maintenance may reduce rates of disability in activities of daily living and reduce racial/ethnic disparities in disability.

Suggested Citation

  • Dunlop, D.D. & Song, J. & Manheim, L.M. & Daviglus, M.L. & Chang, R.W., 2007. "Racial/ethnic differences in the development of disability among older adults," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 97(12), pages 2209-2215.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2006.106047_4
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2006.106047
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    Cited by:

    1. Djeneba Audrey Djibo & Jessica Goldstein & Jean G Ford, 2020. "Prevalence of disability among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2016–2017," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(2), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Schimmel Hyde Jody & Stapleton David C., 2017. "Using the Health and Retirement Study for Disability Policy Research: A Review," Forum for Health Economics & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 20(2), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Haas, Steven & Rohlfsen, Leah, 2010. "Life course determinants of racial and ethnic disparities in functional health trajectories," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(2), pages 240-250, January.
    4. Keith T. Chan & Carl Algood & Andreana Prifti & Tarek Zidan, 2021. "Cross-Cultural Measurement Invariance of a Measure of Disability for White, Black, Hispanic and Asian Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-14, February.
    5. Nicole Ruggiano & Janice O’Driscoll & Andreja Lukic & Linda Schotthoefer, 2017. "“Work Is Like a Therapy That Prevents Agingâ€," SAGE Open, , vol. 7(1), pages 21582440166, February.
    6. Bavafa, Hessam & Mukherjee, Anita & Welch, Tyler Q., 2023. "Inequality in the golden years: Wealth gradients in disability-free and work-free longevity in the United States," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).

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