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Widening ethnic disparities in infant mortality in southern Brazil: Comparison of 3 birth cohorts

Author

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  • Matijasevich, A.
  • Victora, C.G.
  • Barros, A.J.D.
  • Santos, I.S.
  • Marco, P.L.
  • Albernaz, E.P.
  • Barros, F.C.

Abstract

Objectives. We analyzed trends in mortality among infants born to White and to Black or mixed-race women in 3 population-based cohorts representing all births in 1982, 1993, and 2004 in Pelotas, southern Brazil. Methods. Births were assessed during daily visits to all maternity hospitals. Maternal skin color was classified by the interviewers as White or Black or multiracial. We used logistic regression to adjust for socioeconomic, demographic, and health services variables. Results. The mortality rate among infants born to White mothers declined from 30.4 per 1000 live births in 1982 to 13.9 per 1000 in 2004, compared with 53.8 per 1000 to 30.4 per 1000 among those born to Black and mixed-race mothers. Differences for neonatal mortality were even more marked, with reductions of 47% and 11% for infants born to White and Black or mixed-race women, respectively. Adjusted analyses showed that ethnic group differences in neonatal and infant mortality were partly explained by differences in poverty and prenatal care. Conclusions. Over a 22-year period, improvements in health indicators were greater for infants born to White women than for other infants. The widening racial gap requires special attention from policymakers.

Suggested Citation

  • Matijasevich, A. & Victora, C.G. & Barros, A.J.D. & Santos, I.S. & Marco, P.L. & Albernaz, E.P. & Barros, F.C., 2008. "Widening ethnic disparities in infant mortality in southern Brazil: Comparison of 3 birth cohorts," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(4), pages 692-698.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2006.093492_9
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2006.093492
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    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Taoshan, 2023. "How does Monitoring and Evaluation Affect Racial Health Inequality? Evidence from PMAQ Program in Brazil," Warwick-Monash Economics Student Papers 51, Warwick Monash Economics Student Papers.
    2. George L. Wehby & Kwame A. Nyarko & Jorge S. Lopez‐Camelo, 2014. "Fetal Health Shocks And Early Inequalities In Health Capital Accumulation," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(1), pages 69-92, January.
    3. Flavia Cristina Drumond Andrade & Jeenal Deepak Mehta, 2018. "Increasing educational inequalities in self-rated health in Brazil, 1998-2013," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(4), pages 1-13, April.
    4. Angelica Sousa & Mario R Dal Poz & Cynthia Boschi-Pinto, 2013. "Reducing Inequities in Neonatal Mortality through Adequate Supply of Health Workers: Evidence from Newborn Health in Brazil," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(9), pages 1-7, September.
    5. Angelica Sousa & Mario R Dal Poz & Cristiana Leite Carvalho, 2012. "Monitoring Inequalities in the Health Workforce: The Case Study of Brazil 1991–2005," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(3), pages 1-7, March.
    6. Wehby George L. & McCarthy Ann Marie & Castilla Eduardo & Murray Jeffrey C., 2011. "The Impact of Household Investments on Early Child Neurodevelopment and on Racial and Socioeconomic Developmental Gaps: Evidence from South America," Forum for Health Economics & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 14(1), pages 1-60, December.

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