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Association of cigarette smoking with HIV prognosis among women in the HAART era: A report from the women's interagency HIV study

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  • Feldman, J.G.
  • Minkoff, H.
  • Schneider, M.F.
  • Gange, S.J.
  • Cohen, M.
  • Watts, D.H.
  • Gandhi, M.
  • Mocharnuk, R.S.
  • Anastos, K.

Abstract

Objective. We assessed the association of cigarette smoking with the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among low-income women. Methods. Data were analyzed from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multisite longitudinal study up to 7.9 years for 924 women representing 72% of all women who initiated HAART between July 1, 1995, and September 30, 2003. Results. When Cox's regression was used after control for age, race, hepatitis C infection, illicit drug use, previous antiretroviral therapy, and previous AIDS, smokers on HAART had poorer viral responses (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67, 0.93) and poorer immunologic response (HR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.73, 0.99). A greater risk of virologic rebound (HR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.69) and more frequent immunologic failure (HR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.18, 1.96) were also observed among smokers. There was a higher risk of death (HR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.08, 2.19) and a higher risk of developing AIDS (HR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.72) but no significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers in the risk of death due to AIDS. Conclusions. Some of the benefits provided by HAART are negated in cigarette smokers.

Suggested Citation

  • Feldman, J.G. & Minkoff, H. & Schneider, M.F. & Gange, S.J. & Cohen, M. & Watts, D.H. & Gandhi, M. & Mocharnuk, R.S. & Anastos, K., 2006. "Association of cigarette smoking with HIV prognosis among women in the HAART era: A report from the women's interagency HIV study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 96(6), pages 1060-1065.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2005.062745_1
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.062745
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    Cited by:

    1. Lauren R. Pacek & Meredith S. Berry & Olga Rass & Melissa Mercincavage & F. Joseph McClernon & Matthew W. Johnson, 2019. "Graphic Warning Labels Affect Hypothetical Cigarette Purchasing Behavior among Smokers Living with HIV," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-13, September.
    2. Ulisses Ramos Montarroyos & Demócrito Barros Miranda-Filho & Cibele Comini César & Wayner Vieira Souza & Heloisa Ramos Lacerda & Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão Albuquerque & Mariana Freitas Aguiar & R, 2014. "Factors Related to Changes in CD4+ T-Cell Counts over Time in Patients Living with HIV/AIDS: A Multilevel Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(2), pages 1-8, February.
    3. Chukwudi Keke & Zane Wilson & Limakatso Lebina & Katlego Motlhaoleng & David Abrams & Ebrahim Variava & Nikhil Gupte & Raymond Niaura & Neil Martinson & Jonathan E. Golub & Jessica L. Elf, 2023. "A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio and Its Association with Sociodemographic and Smoking Characteristics among People with HIV Who Smoke in South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-8, March.

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