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Внешняя торговля Казахстана в условиях свободного плавания тенге // Foreign trade of Kazakhstan in conditions of free-floating tenge

Author

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  • Кожамкулов К.Б. // Kozhamkulov K.B.

    (National Bank of Kazakhstan)

Abstract

Целью исследования является оценка влияния курсовой политики на изменения, происходящие во внешней торговле Республики Казахстан. Ввиду низкой диверсификации, общий объем экспорта Казахстана складывается под влиянием внешних факторов. К этим факторам относятся: цены на нефть, мировой спрос на биржевые товары – энергоносители, металлы, зерно и условия доступа к рынкам сбыта. Вместе с тем, рост реального сектора экономики Казахстана можно рассмотреть через призму экспорта товаров более высокого передела (готовые товары) и процесс импортозамещения потребительских товаров. Указанные товарные группы более чувствительны к валютным колебаниям. В краткосрочном периоде, их физические объемы поставок моментально реагируют на изменения курсов валют. При этом, конкурентоспособность цен определяется под влиянием курсов валют. Так, одним из инструментов оценки благоприятности курса тенге для роста реального сектора экономики может служить факторный анализ внешней торговли (фактор цены и количества). Ценовой фактор показывает изменение условия торговли, который улучшается в результате опережении темпов роста экспортных цен над импортными ценами. В пересчете фактора цены в тенге, постфактум, наблюдаем резерв по экспортным ценам и уровень влияния импортных цен. // The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of exchange rate policy on changes in Kazakhstan's foreign trade. Due to low diversification, the total volume of Kazakhstan's exports is influenced by external factors. These factors include oil prices, global demand for exchange commodities - energy, metals, grain, and conditions for access to sales markets. At the same time, the growth of the real sector of the Kazakhstani economy can be viewed through the angle of the export of a high value-added goods (final products) and the process of import substitution of consumer goods. These product groups are more sensitive to currency fluctuations. In the short term, their physical volumes of deliveries instantly react to changes in exchange rates. At the same time, the competitiveness of prices is determined by the influence of exchange rates. Thus, the factor analysis of foreign trade (the factor of price and quantity) could be one of the tools for assessing the fairness of the tenge exchange rate for the growth of the real sector of the economy. The price factor shows the change in the terms of trade, which improve because of the outstripping growth rates of export prices over import prices. In terms of the price factor in tenge, subsequently, we observe a reserve for export prices and the level of influence of import prices.

Suggested Citation

  • Кожамкулов К.Б. // Kozhamkulov K.B., 2019. "Внешняя торговля Казахстана в условиях свободного плавания тенге // Foreign trade of Kazakhstan in conditions of free-floating tenge," Economic Review(National Bank of Kazakhstan), National Bank of Kazakhstan, issue 1, pages 36-44.
  • Handle: RePEc:aob:journl:y:2019:i:1:p:36-44
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    экспорт; импорт; обменный курс; факторный анализ; экспортные цены; импортные цены; условия торговли; обработанные готовые товары; потребительские товары;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C43 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Index Numbers and Aggregation
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General

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