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Investigating the Validity of Climate Migration: Empirical Evidence from the Most Polluted Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Onur Celik

    (Department of International Trade and Finance, İstanbul Gelişim University)

  • Emrah Eray Akca

    (Department of Economics, Bartın University)

Abstract

The literature generally finds that lower air quality has been an important determinant of migration. This study builds a migration model employing annual data from 2010 to 2019 for the most polluted ten countries to test the validity of migration caused by air pollution through PM2.5 concentration. The Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood method results show that air pollution is one of the most significant determinants of migration from the most polluted countries. Moreover, the low income level also pushes people to migrate more from their origin regions than richer ones. The study provides some policy recommendations for policy-makers in the countries where people breathe the most polluted air: (i) governments should follow growth-promoting economic policies; (ii) environment-friendly production techniques should be implemented to prevent worsening environmental quality; (iii) climate-induced mass migration should be considered while making security policy arrangements.

Suggested Citation

  • Onur Celik & Emrah Eray Akca, 2024. "Investigating the Validity of Climate Migration: Empirical Evidence from the Most Polluted Countries," World Journal of Applied Economics, WERI-World Economic Research Institute, vol. 10(1), pages 29-41, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:ana:journl:v:10:y:2024:i:1:p:29-41
    DOI: 10.22440/wjae.10.1.3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Everett Lee, 1966. "A theory of migration," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 3(1), pages 47-57, March.
    2. Chen, Shuai & Oliva, Paulina & Zhang, Peng, 2022. "The effect of air pollution on migration: Evidence from China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    3. Feiwei Shen & Qiang Wang & Jing Zou & Huili Yan & Baitao Wang, 2023. "Air Pollution and Migration Decision of Migrants in Low-Carbon Society," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-18, January.
    4. Xiao Yu & Jianing Liang & Yanzhe Zhang, 2022. "Air Pollution and Settlement Intention: Evidence from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-16, April.
    5. Trudy Ann Cameron & Ian T. McConnaha, 2006. "Evidence of Environmental Migration," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 82(2), pages 273-290.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Climate migration; Air pollution; Gravity model; PPML;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth

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