About functioning of the unified state system of civil protection

Investigational modes of functioning of the unified state system of civil defence. The article, which has been given by authors, is dedicated to research of management functions in the field activity of the central executive authority, which provides and implements the state policy in the field of civil protection - the State Emergency Service of Ukraine (SESU). In this field works were published by such authors: Alboschiy O. V., Bolotskykh N. V., Bakumenko V. D., Kuleshov M. N., Kalashnikov S. A., Rashkevych S. A., Trush O. O., Shpylyoviy I. N., etc. However, a consideration of this topic in previous researches was fragmented, but not complex. Moreover, during of existence the central executive body was repeatedly reforming, tasks and powers were changing. Nowadays it receives the status of public service. Therefore, in this research tasked to investigate the place and role of management functions of SESU. In the main part of the article considered the point of the term “management” according of standpoint of its applying in business and public administration by such complex systems, which carry out their management activity to ensure a civil protection of population and territories within the whole state in modes of daily activity, increased readiness and emergencies. Considerable spectrum and scope of tasks, which are assigned to the unified state system of civil protection to carry out of a management of functional and territorial systems and their branches, need the application of large amounts of preventive measures to prevent emergencies to reduce their negative consequences, but on the other hand to conduct previous assessment and analysis of the nature and extent of potential natural and man-made hazards; to analyze of possible causes of direct and indirect losses; and necessary material and financial resources for operative actions to overcome consequences of an emergency. This previous activity in the field of civil protection is defined as the risk management; and a management of this activity of optimization forces and means of the unified state system of civil protection in emergencies is defined as a management in emergencies. Modern science considers a management of risks as a way of achieving a balance between innovations on the one hand and negative phenomena on the other hand and necessary condition for effective management of modern complex systems such as "man - technical system - environment". Therefore, in economically developed countries a management of risks became one of top priorities of insuring technogenic and natural security. In Ukraine also one of the main principles, which are implemented in the field of civil protection of population and territories from emergencies of technogenic and natural character, is a principle of unconditional preference of rational and preventive security. Strengthening of a preventive nature management of technogenic and natural security in Ukraine by implementing a management of risks is considered as the way to expand and activation the sphere of “advance” of general government management and transfer it to higher level of quality. However, it should be recognized that the work of a practical implementation of real measures, which are aimed to create conditions of preventive security (monitoring and forecasting of emergency risks, their management, planning and implementation of appropriate preventive measures) are currently not effective in the country, due to lack of effective mechanisms to assess of variations of levels safety of business entities, modern methods and software products on forecasting changes in security levels of economic entities. In fact, nowadays there is a question of the need to create a modern state instrument to implement risk-management in the field of civil protection, which gives the opportunity to provide rationing of risks, determine acceptable levels of risks for the population, environment and economic entities, determine the degree of approximation Ukraine to European standards of safe life and effectively influence by preventive measures for possible threats. To sum up, today we need new scientific approaches and standards to further development of management systems of unified state system of civil protection and an implementation in the State advanced analytics Institute of a quantitative evaluation of man-made and natural hazards.Classification-JEL: