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Cost and environmental impact analysis of slag repurposing as alternative solution to bricks

Author

Listed:
  • Zwakele Qwabe
  • Ilesanmi Afolabi Daniyan
  • Boitumelo Ramatsetse
  • Oluwatoyin Esther Akinbowale
  • Mulatu Fekadu Zerihun
  • Polly Mashigo

Abstract

The world’s leading producer of Platinum Group Metal is South Africa and accounts for 94 percent of world’s platinum. Platinum smelters produce around 10 525,90 tons of slag annual of which accumulates as stockpile, never utilised. More storage area is required for continuous operation of the smelters to store slag. The aim of the research is to investigate the cost and environmental impact of repurposing slag into bricks for low-cost housing. AnyLogic simulation model specifically the Discrete Event Modelling (DEM) was employed for the modelling and simulation because of its capabilities compared to other models such as Flexsim, Vensim, ANSYS. The results indicate that 92 human resources are required to have functioning business that is able to manufacture and deliver bricks enough to build 326 houses per month. The operation is labour intensive to ensure more job opportunities are created and a total 368 personnel are employed permanently on all sites. The smelter potentially saves over R1,5 billion per operation and R5,6 billion across 4 sites over a decade by giving the slag away for free. The environmental pollution is improved as five heavy plant equipment is removed from the operation. The operation has potential to generate R392,2 million profit over 10-years.

Suggested Citation

  • Zwakele Qwabe & Ilesanmi Afolabi Daniyan & Boitumelo Ramatsetse & Oluwatoyin Esther Akinbowale & Mulatu Fekadu Zerihun & Polly Mashigo, 2024. "Cost and environmental impact analysis of slag repurposing as alternative solution to bricks," Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, Learning Gate, vol. 8(6), pages 2290-2311.
    • Handle: RePEc:ajp:edwast:v:8:y:2024:i:6:p:2290-2311:id:2452
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