IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/aiy/jnljtr/v1y2015i1p76-89.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Tax burden in the Russian Federation: a comparative analysis point of view

Author

Listed:
  • Liudmila N. Lykova

Abstract

The article discusses the existing approaches to estimations of tax burden in Russia in comparison with the European countries. Calculations are based on the macroeconomic approach to tax bases estimations used by the European statistical service. Tax burden is evaluated by the implicit tax rates, which are the ratio of the paid taxes and macroeconomic valuation of the respective tax base. The article examines some issues in the allocation of the tax burden on corporate income, labour, and consumption; thus, the implicit tax rates on corporate income, on labour, and on final consumption in Russia and the European countries are examined. The problem of significance of the total amount of tax burden and its allocation between different categories of tax bases (corporate income, personal income, final consumption) is formulated.It is shown that tax burden at different bases varies sufficiently and differs from the European analogues. Tax burden on corporate income and labour is not very high in comparison with most European countries. But the gap between the statutory and the implicit tax rates on corporate income is too small to provide sufficient incentives to economic actors (for long-term investments). Tax burden on labour mostly lies on employers and creates a noticeable imbalance on the national labour market.Tax burden on consumption is very close to the highest European levels (estimated without taxes associated with exported energy products). It is shown that if the “exported part” of indirect taxes is taken into account, the burden will move to an extremely high level. The environmental tax burden in the Russian Federation is very low in comparison with the EU countries, and it is mostly created by resource taxes instead of energy taxes, as in Europe.

Suggested Citation

  • Liudmila N. Lykova, 2015. "Tax burden in the Russian Federation: a comparative analysis point of view," Journal of Tax Reform, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, vol. 1(1), pages 76-89.
  • Handle: RePEc:aiy:jnljtr:v:1:y:2015:i:1:p:76-89
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2015.1.1.005
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://jtr.urfu.ru/fileadmin/user_upload/site_15907/main/Lykova.pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2015.1.1.005?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. David Carey & Harry Tchilinguirian, 2000. "Average Effective Tax Rates on Capital, Labour and Consumption," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 258, OECD Publishing.
    2. Duanjie Chen & Jack Mintz, 2013. "2013 Annual Global Tax Competitiveness Ranking: Corporate Tax Policy at a Crossroads," SPP Research Papers, The School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, vol. 6(35), November.
    3. Mendoza, Enrique G. & Razin, Assaf & Tesar, Linda L., 1994. "Effective tax rates in macroeconomics: Cross-country estimates of tax rates on factor incomes and consumption," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 297-323, December.
    4. Barro, Robert J, 1990. "Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 98(5), pages 103-126, October.
    5. Chris Heady, 1993. "Optimal taxation as a guide to tax policy: a survey," Fiscal Studies, Institute for Fiscal Studies, vol. 14(1), pages 15-41, February.
    6. Heady, Christopher, 1987. "A Diagrammatic Approach to Optimal Commodity Taxation," Public Finance = Finances publiques, , vol. 42(2), pages 250-263.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Norman Gemmell & Richard Kneller & Ismael Sanz, 2014. "The growth effects of tax rates in the OECD," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 47(4), pages 1217-1255, November.
    2. Susanto Basu & Luigi Pascali & Fabio Schiantarelli & Luis Serven, 2022. "Productivity and the Welfare of Nations," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 20(4), pages 1647-1682.
    3. Maebayashi, Noritaka & Hori, Takeo & Futagami, Koichi, 2017. "Dynamic Analysis Of Reductions In Public Debt In An Endogenous Growth Model With Public Capital," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 21(6), pages 1454-1483, September.
    4. Susanto Basu & Luigi Pascali & Fabio Schiantarelli & Luis Serven, 2012. "Productivity and the welfare of nations," Economics Working Papers 1312, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
    5. Norman Gemmell & Richard Kneller & Ismael Sanz, 2014. "The growth effects of tax rates in the OECD," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 47(4), pages 1217-1255, November.
    6. D’Erasmo, P. & Mendoza, E.G. & Zhang, J., 2016. "What is a Sustainable Public Debt?," Handbook of Macroeconomics, in: J. B. Taylor & Harald Uhlig (ed.), Handbook of Macroeconomics, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 2493-2597, Elsevier.
    7. Honerkamp, Josef & Moog, Stefan & Raffelhüschen, Bernd, 2004. "Earlier or Later: A General Equilibrium Analysis of Bringing Forward an Already Announced Tax Reform," Discussion Papers 123, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Finanzwissenschaft.
    8. Alfò, Marco & Carbonari, Lorenzo & Trovato, Giovanni, 2023. "On the effects of taxation on growth: an empirical assessment," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 27(5), pages 1289-1318, July.
    9. Peter Lindert, 2003. "Why The Welfare State Looks Like a Free Lunch," Working Papers 59, University of California, Davis, Department of Economics.
    10. Alejandro Cunat & Szabolcs Deak & Marco Maffezzoli, 2022. "Tax Cuts in Open Economies," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 45, pages 83-108, July.
    11. Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti & Nouriel Roubini, 1995. "Growth Effects of Income and Consumption Taxes: Positive and Normative Analysis," Working Papers 95-18, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business, Department of Economics.
    12. Andrew Phiri, 2016. "The Growth Trade-off between Direct and Indirect Taxes in South Africa: Evidence from a STR Model," Managing Global Transitions, University of Primorska, Faculty of Management Koper, vol. 14(3 (Fall)), pages 233-250.
    13. Mauro Bambi & Alain Venditti, 2021. "Time‐varying consumption tax, productive government spending, and aggregate instability," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 17(2), pages 190-215, June.
    14. Lykova, L., 2016. "Tax Policy of Russia under the Crisis Conditions," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, vol. 29(1), pages 186-192.
    15. Aruoba, S. Borağan, 2021. "Institutions, tax evasion, and optimal policy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 212-229.
    16. Azacis, Helmuts & Gillman, Max, 2010. "Flat tax reform: The Baltics 2000-2007," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 692-708, June.
    17. YAN Chengliang & GONG Liutang, 2009. "Government expenditure, taxation and long-run growth," Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities, Higher Education Press, vol. 4(4), pages 505-525, December.
    18. Mateos-Planas, Xavier, 2009. "Demographics and the politics of capital taxation in a life-cycle economy," Discussion Paper Series In Economics And Econometrics 0909, Economics Division, School of Social Sciences, University of Southampton.
    19. Çiçek, Deniz & Elgin, Ceyhun, 2011. "Not-quite-great depressions of Turkey: A quantitative analysis of economic growth over 1968–2004," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 2691-2700.
    20. Giampaolo Arachi & Valeria Bucci & Alessandra Casarico, 2015. "Tax structure and macroeconomic performance," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 22(4), pages 635-662, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:aiy:jnljtr:v:1:y:2015:i:1:p:76-89. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Natalia Starodubets (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/seurfru.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.