Mas alla de las cifras del sector pesquero: marco de economia politica y estrategias de los pescadores artesanales andaluces del golfo de Cadiz

El texto se articula en tres grandes apartados. En el primero de ellos se justifica el concepto de flotas artesanales con el que se trabaja, distinto al convencional tanto en la practica burocratica como en los analisis economicos. A continuacion, se presentan los principales procesos economicos de la pesca artesanal andaluza en al actualidad, a la luz de dinamicas macrorgionales de economia politica: basicamente, la reestructuracion de los flujos comerciales pesqueros en Andalucia y la Politica de Pesca Comunitaria. La no renovacion del Acuerdo de Pesca con Marruecos y las ayudas estructurales para la optimizacion de los equipos de pesca son referidos especialmente. En la tercera parte se presentan las iniciaticas y estrategias de los pescadores, tanto economicas como politicas, de modo que, a pesar de los indices cuantitativos y macromagnitudes de la pesca andaluza, ponen de manifiesto las perspectivas de mantenimiento de la actividad extractiva y la reproduccion social en su conjunto de la pesca artesanal, aunque transformada esta en algunas de sus caracteristicas convencionales. metodologicamente, se usan las estadisticas oficiales y las macromagnitudes para elucidar tendencias macroeconomicas con efectos regionales; sin embargo, se atiende a dinamicas sociales que solomente pueden ser apreciadas a partir del trabajo de campo en localidades pesqueras. Se concluye que el sector pesquero andaluz ha conocido un proceso de artesandalizacion, aquzado en la coyuntura critica reciente, y que al mismo tiempo muestra signos de transformaciones radicales en las culturas productivas y en las estrategias economicas, la que tendra efectors en las relaciones con los recursos y en las dinamicas bioeconomicas tradicionales de las pesquerias. Por ello, se have necesaria particularmente una politicas, lo que tendra efectos en las relaciones con los recursos y en las dinamicas bioconomicas tradicionales de las pesquerias. Por ello, se hace necesaria particularmente una politica de qestion de recursos. Asi mismo, se muestra que el marco actual de la economia pesquera es socialmente paradojico, pues mientras que los pescadores han de responder a un marco incierto y amenazante, hay opotunidades para los agentes comercializadores, grandes empresarios del sector extractivo y algunas pesquerias de pequeno calado que forman parte del modelo artesanal...The South Spanish Fisheries are concerned by negative tendencies from 1980's. Our proposal is to analyze the manner how artisanal fleets at South Atlantic Coast of Spain (Andalusia) are concerned by political and economic processes at macro level (regarding to South Europe and North African regional links). First, it is proposed a concept of artisanal fleets which incorporates different fisheries and is not usual in fishing bureaucracy. Then, a description of the web of economic dynamics in commercialization and political economy measures at the regional context is offered. The global factors are to be taken into account are the Common Fisheries Policy, in whihc Spain takes park from 1986. Specially, the extinction of Marocco/ European Union Fisheries Agreement (December 1999) and the Public Financial Aids for the restitution and modernization of boats. Also the liberalization and globalization of commercial relationships between Europe and North Africa are to be analysed. A derivation from this scenary has been the fall of the fish prices at quayside, and the contextualization of fish production in a global food system. Second, the text addresses the local responses to the crises context. The goal is here to show the conflictive position of andalusian extractive sector in the new setting of political economy, and the opportunities for commercial agents. In any case, also there are possibilities to small fleets, because of existence of a demand of fresh fish based on quality. The more important effect of this dynamic upon the stakeholders strategies is the investments on new technologies- with support of Structural Aids, such as FIFG program and Pesca Inititative. When local and global processes are so interconnectes as today a new focus is required that intends to articulate macro-social dynamics and local agencies. Methodologically, this effort entails to pay attention both to statistics, data and quantitative analysis, and to local and vernacular socioeconomic dynamics. Therefore, the text is based upon the official statistics and upon the fieldwork and qualitative research tools. It is concluded that the result of this web of global and local processes is the intensification of extractive activity and the commercial specialisation, that relies now on the overexploitation of national grounds. In fact, the economic perspectives of the boat owners are threatened by the increasing of inputs (capitalisation to support a process of technologisation very acute, increasing of energetic prices and financial services) and by the decline of outputs, given the new tendencies of global market. So, the economic position of the fleet remains conflictive and the bio-economic balances can be concerned, so that a fisheries management must be activated from a local and regional perspective. So the artivle highlights both the paradoz in which the artisanal fleet is concerned, and the importance of analysing this context by means of qualitative research tools.