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Polityka rolna Chin po 1978 roku

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  • Wieliczko, Barbara

Abstract

The changes in agricultural policy introduced since the Chinese great opening launched in 1978 transformed the conditions of conducting agricultural activity. The first step was the transfer of land to individual farmers in the form of a lease. Later, taxation of agriculture was abolished and a number of subsidies were introduced. At the same time, China became a WTO member, which increased the competition on the Chinese market and constantly forced increases in quality and productivity of domestic agriculture. Despite almost 40 years of reform, the country still struggles with low productivity and a structural prevalence of small scale farming. Further changes in the sector will be made even more difficult by problems stemming from climate change and limited access to natural resources. The article presents the key changes in Chinese agricultural policy in the years 1978-2013 and identifies the necessary steps for reforming agriculture aimed at increasing its long-term competitiveness. / Synopsis. Zmiany w polityce rolnej Chin, które wprowadzono od czasu tzw. wielkiego otwarcia Chin zapoczątkowanego w 1978 r. diametralnie zmieniły uwarunkowania prowadzenia działalności rolniczej. Przekazanie ziemi w indywidualną dzierżawę było pierwszym etapem przemian. Później zlikwidowano opodatkowanie rolnictwa oraz wprowadzono szereg subsydiów. Jednocześnie uzyskanie przez Chiny członkostwa w WTO zwiększyło konkurencję na chińskim rynku i stale wymusza podnoszenie jakości i produktywności krajowego rolnictwa. Mimo blisko 40 lat reform chińskie rolnictwo nadal boryka się z problemem rozdrobnienia i niskiej produktywności. Dalsze zmiany w sektorze będą dodatkowo utrudnione przez problemy wynikające ze zmian klimatycznych i ograniczonej dostępności zasobów naturalnych. W artykule przestawiono najważniejsze zmiany w polityce Chin w latach 1978-2013 oraz wskazano na niezbędne dalsze kroki w reformowaniu chińskiego rolnictwa mające na celu zwiększenie jego długookresowej konkurencyjności.

Suggested Citation

  • Wieliczko, Barbara, 2015. "Polityka rolna Chin po 1978 roku," Problems of World Agriculture / Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, vol. 15(30), pages 1-10, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:ags:polpwa:202236
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.202236
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    Cited by:

    1. Sadowski, Arkadiusz, 2018. "Economy, agriculture and the environment in the selected parts of the world," Problems of Agricultural Economics / Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej 276376, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute (IAFE-NRI).

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