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Estudio clínico, epidemiológico y de laboratorio de la vulvovaginitis asociada a levaduras en mujeres mayores de 15 años de la ciudad de León, Nicaragua

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  • Castro-Rodríguez, Kenia Abigail

Abstract

Las infecciones vaginales se presentan en el 75% de las mujeres. Este estudio tiene el objetivo de describir las características clínico, epidemiológicas y de laboratorio de la vulvovaginitis asociada a levaduras en mujeres mayores de 15 años. Se cultivaron un total de 391 muestras de exudados vaginales y se analizaron con el método de Rapid Yeast Plus System (oxoid). Se obtuvo una frecuencia de levaduras del 27%, siendo más frecuente en mujeres de 15 a 30 años de edad (34%, p = 0.002), con nivel de escolaridad de técnico medio o superior (38%), estado civil “acompañada” (30%) y con otras ocupaciones (35%). Los principales factores predisponentes identificados fueron: embarazo (36%), diabetes (54%), uso de anticonceptivos (43%), uso de ropa interior de nailon o ajustada (31%) y haber presentado de 2-4 episodios de vaginitis en el último año (53%). Las manifestaciones clínicas presentadas fueron: picazón (55%), ardor y sensación de quemazón (48%) e irritación (39%), con un flujo de color blanquecino (97%), de aspecto homogéneo (77%) y moderada cantidad (39%). Se identificaron: C.albicans (70%), C.glabrata (19%), S.cerevisiae (4%), C. parapsilosis (3%), C. krusei (2%), C. tropicalis (1%) y T. asahii (1%). C. glabrata fue más común en mujeres mayores de 61 años y las otras especies en mujeres entre 15–45 años de edad. C. krusei, S. cerevisiae, C. glabrata y C. albicans se aislaron de pacientes con vaginitis recurrente. Se recomienda realizar el perfil de resistencia a los antifúngicos.

Suggested Citation

  • Castro-Rodríguez, Kenia Abigail, 2015. "Estudio clínico, epidemiológico y de laboratorio de la vulvovaginitis asociada a levaduras en mujeres mayores de 15 años de la ciudad de León, Nicaragua," Universitas (León): Revista Científica de la UNAN León, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Leon (Unan-Leon), Researching Center for Applied Economic (RCAE), vol. 6(1), pages 1-12, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:naunrc:232903
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.232903
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Foxman, B., 1990. "The epidemiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis: Risk factors," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 80(3), pages 329-331.
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