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Groundwater Utilisation and Distributional Inequality in India: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis

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  • Kiruthika, S.
  • Kumar, D. Suresh

Abstract

Development of groundwater irrigation (GWI) in India has been very impressive after the introduction of the green revolution. Though GWI provides additional benefits to farmers, continuous exploitation of groundwater has resulted in a dramatic decline in the water table and led to salinization and quality deterioration in many parts of the country. The present paper aims to examine the distributional o in groundwater resources and the extent of depletion of groundwater resources across size groups. Substantial inequality persists in the distribution of land among different farm size groups resulting in inequality in accessibility of groundwater resources. Unequal distribution of groundwater sources in favour of the medium and large farmers was proved by the Theil’s index of 0.607 in 2005-2006 which increased to 1.071 in 2015-16. Providing subsidies for adoption of water management technologies like drip and sprinkler will reduce the water use by farmers. Other measures like imposing spacing norms between wells, licensing well digging activities, and community management may also be encouraged.

Suggested Citation

  • Kiruthika, S. & Kumar, D. Suresh, 2021. "Groundwater Utilisation and Distributional Inequality in India: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 0(Number 3), December.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:inijae:345179
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.345179
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Selvarajan, S. & Ravishankar, A. & Prasanna, P.A. Lakshmi, 2001. "Irrigation Development and Equity Impacts in India," Policy Papers 344984, ICAR National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research (NIAP).
    2. Vaidyanathan, A., 1996. "Depletion of Groundwater: Some Issues," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 51(1-2), June.
    3. Reddy, V. Ratna, 2005. "Costs of resource depletion externalities: a study of groundwater overexploitation in Andhra Pradesh, India," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 10(4), pages 533-556, August.
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