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An Analysis of Yield Gap and Some Factors of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Yields in Ghana

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  • Aneani, F.
  • Ofori-Frimpong, K.

Abstract

Although cocoa productivity has recently been increasing in Ghana, it is still low compared with that of other countries such as Cote d’Ivoire and Malaysia. This situation has been attributed to the low adoption of cocoa production technologies. The study was aimed at analysing the yield gap as well as some cocoa yield factors. Cross-sectional socio-economic survey was conducted in six (6) cocoa growing districts: Nkawie, Goaso, Enchi, Oda, Twifo Praso/Assin Fosu and Hohoe. A structured questionnaire was employed in the collection of data from 300 respondents who were randomly chosen with multi-stage cluster sampling technique. The yield gaps and their proportion to yield potentials were estimated using data from the survey and on-station trials. The findings indicated an experimental yield gap of 1 553.4 kg ha-1, accounting for 82.1% of the experimental yield potential whereas farmer-based yield gap was 1 537.2 kg ha-1, also accounting for 82.0% of the farmer (survey) yield potential. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis indicated that frequency of spraying fungicides against black pod disease, spraying insecticides against capsids, weeding of cocoa farms, cocoa variety planted by farmer, area of cocoa farm and total cocoa production variables had a significant impact on cocoa yield. It is recommended that the Government should encourage cocoa farmers, through pragmatic measures, to adopt improved technologies for enhancing productivity instead of focusing on excessive land expansion which eventually leads to low productivity.

Suggested Citation

  • Aneani, F. & Ofori-Frimpong, K., 2013. "An Analysis of Yield Gap and Some Factors of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Yields in Ghana," Sustainable Agriculture Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 2(4).
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:ccsesa:230548
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.230548
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aggarwal, P. K. & Hebbar, K. B. & Venugopalan, M. V. & Rani, S. & Bala, A. & Biswal, A. & Wani, S. P., 2008. "Quantification of yield gaps in rain-fed rice, wheat, cotton and mustard in India," IWMI Research Reports H041564, International Water Management Institute.
    2. Wiredu, A.N. & Mensah-Bonsu, Akwasi & Andah, E.K. & Fosu, K.Y., 2010. "Improved Technology and Land Productivity among Smallholder Cocoa Farmers in Ashanti Region, Ghana," 2010 AAAE Third Conference/AEASA 48th Conference, September 19-23, 2010, Cape Town, South Africa 97073, African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE).
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    1. Tsiboe, Francis & Nalley, Lawton L., 2016. "Effects of biotic and abiotic stress on household cocoa yields in Ghana," African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, African Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 11(3).
    2. Wongnaa, Camillus Abawiera & Kyei, Afrane Baffour & Apike, Isaac Akurugu & Awunyo-Vitor, Dadson & Dziwornu, Raymond K., 2021. "Perception and Adoption of Artificial Pollination Technology in Cocoa Production: Evidence from Ghana," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 314939, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    3. Francesco Cordaro & Alain Desdoigts, 2021. "Bounded Rationality, Social Capital and Technology Adoption in Family Farming: Evidence from Cocoa-Tree Crops in Ivory Coast," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-20, July.
    4. Wongnaa, Camillus Abawiera & Babu, Suresh, 2020. "Building resilience to shocks of climate change in Ghana's cocoa production and its effect on productivity and incomes," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    5. Asitoakor, Bismark Kwesi & Vaast, Philippe & Ræbild, Anders & Ravn, Hans Peter & Eziah, Vincent Yao & Owusu, Kwadwo & Mensah, Eric Opoku & Asare, Richard, 2022. "Selected shade tree species improved cocoa yields in low-input agroforestry systems in Ghana," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    6. Asante, Paulina A. & Rahn, Eric & Zuidema, Pieter A. & Rozendaal, Danaё M.A. & van der Baan, Maris E.G. & Läderach, Peter & Asare, Richard & Cryer, Nicholas C. & Anten, Niels P.R., 2022. "The cocoa yield gap in Ghana: A quantification and an analysis of factors that could narrow the gap," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    7. Tannis Thorlakson, 2018. "A move beyond sustainability certification: The evolution of the chocolate industry's sustainable sourcing practices," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(8), pages 1653-1665, December.
    8. Asante, Paulina A. & Rozendaal, Danaё M.A. & Rahn, Eric & Zuidema, Pieter A. & Quaye, Amos K. & Asare, Richard & Läderach, Peter & Anten, Niels P.R., 2021. "Unravelling drivers of high variability of on-farm cocoa yields across environmental gradients in Ghana," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    9. Abdulai, Issaka & Hoffmann, Munir P. & Jassogne, Laurence & Asare, Richard & Graefe, Sophie & Tao, Hsiao-Hang & Muilerman, Sander & Vaast, Philippe & Van Asten, Piet & Läderach, Peter & Rötter, Reimun, 2020. "Variations in yield gaps of smallholder cocoa systems and the main determining factors along a climate gradient in Ghana," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).

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