Functions and Applications of Intestinal Symbiotic Microorganisms in Insects

Insects represent a diverse group of organisms on earth that carry a vast array of symbiotic microorganisms in their intestines. These microorganisms have established a complex and intimate symbiotic relationship with their host insects over an extended period of evolutionary adaptation. The population structure of intestinal symbiotic microorganisms in insects exhibits a high degree of diversity, with notable differences among insect species. Conversely, within the same insect species, the population structure of symbiotic microorganisms in specific intestinal sites demonstrates a certain degree of stability and specificity. These symbiotic microorganisms perform various physiological functions in the host insect. Their biological functions encompass nutrient and material metabolism and immune and protective mechanisms, which have significant effects on host insect longevity, development, and reproductive capacity. These microorganisms have diverse applications, including pest control, bioenergy production, the development of insect resources, etc. Recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing technology have revealed a growing diversity and biological properties of these microorganisms. The application of these techniques has significantly contributed to the advancement of research in the field of insect intestinal microbial research, providing researchers with powerful tools for a deeper understanding and utilization of these symbiotic microorganisms. This study reviewed the research progress of insect intestinal microorganisms in three aspects: diversity, biological functions, and applications. The objective was to provide useful references and insights for further research and applications of insect intestinal microorganisms.