Comparative Preliminary Evaluation of Agronomic and Quality Traits of New “Zhongtang” Superior Lines

[Objectives] Sugarcane is the most significant sugar cash crop in the tropical and subtropical regions of China. However, it is notable for its narrow genetic basis, limited trait improvement, weak adaptability of varieties, and poor planting efficiency. In order to accelerate the process of sugarcane variety replacement and expand the basis of genetic variation, interspecific hybridization and multiple mutagenesis are the most effective methods for obtaining new sugarcane varieties. The evaluation and identification of phenotypic traits of germplasm represents a significant analytical method. The “Zhongtang” series of sugarcane varieties is distinguished by its high yield and high sugar content. New sugarcane germplasms with excellent agronomic and quality traits can be identified and developed as breeding parents and new breeding lines through comprehensive evaluation of the existing germplasm. [Methods] A total of 181 new lines were selected through genetic origin and orientation, and evaluated and appraised for growth, yield, and economic characteristics. The data on 6 important agronomic and quality traits, including tillering, initial plant height, plant height, stem diameter, number of effective stems, and brix at maturity, were used to discover superior lines. These traits were evaluated during the two production seasons of the participant lines. [Results] A comprehensive evaluation of seedling growth traits and economic traits at maturity of the experimental lines identified 30 excellent new germplasms of sugarcane. Among the selected lines, 1501 and 1701 exhibited superior agronomic and quality traits, rendering them suitable as parental lines for sugarcane breeding or breeding as new varieties. [Conclusions] The exemplary results obtained in this study provide a solid foundation for the improvement of sugarcane germplasm, with the goal of enhancing quality and efficiency. These findings are of great scientific and practical significance to the study of sugarcane yield and sugar-related genes, as well as the exploration of the evaluation and utilization of sugarcane germplasm resources.