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State Level Efforts to Regulate Agricultural Sources of Water Quality Impairment

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  • Kling, Catherine L.

Abstract

The U.S. policy regarding water quality is codified in the 1972 Clean Water Act and amendments. The Act formally distinguishes between point sources and nonpoint sources of pollution entering waterways and assigns primary responsibility for controlling nonpoint source pollution to the states. Point sources—such as industrial facilities or wastewater treatment plants—fall under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System requirements of the Clean Water Act, and being so are subject to federal regulation and permitting requirements. A substantial reduction of emissions from point sources to waterways has occurred since the adoption of these requirements, leading to much improved water quality in many watersheds. However, in many agriculturally dominated watersheds, point sources contribute a relatively small percent of the overall nutrient load and, therefore, the restrictions on these sources have not achieved the desired improvements in water quality. The nutrients of primary concern in these watersheds are nitrogen and phosphorus, which cause excessive plant and algae growth resulting in water quality degradation
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Suggested Citation

  • Kling, Catherine L., 2013. "State Level Efforts to Regulate Agricultural Sources of Water Quality Impairment," Choices: The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resource Issues, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 28(3), pages 1-4.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:aaeach:159201
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.159201
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    Cited by:

    1. Erik Lichtenberg, 2019. "Conservation and the Environment in US Farm Legislation," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 18(1), pages 49-55, April.
    2. Abayateye, F. & Skolrud, T. & Galinato, G., 2018. "Environmental Regulation Stringency and U.S. Agriculture," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277138, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    3. J. Walter Milon, 2019. "The polluter pays principle and Everglades restoration," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 9(1), pages 67-81, March.
    4. Jayash Paudel & Christine L. Crago, 2021. "Environmental Externalities from Agriculture: Evidence from Water Quality in the United States," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 103(1), pages 185-210, January.
    5. Alvarez, Sergio & Asci, Serhat, 2014. "Estimating the Benefits of Water Quality Improvements Using Meta-Analysis and Benefits Transfer," 2014 Annual Meeting, February 1-4, 2014, Dallas, Texas 162534, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.
    6. Charles A. Taylor & Geoffrey Heal, 2021. "Fertilizer and Algal Blooms: A Satellite Approach to Assessing Water Quality," NBER Chapters, in: Risks in Agricultural Supply Chains, pages 83-105, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

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