The instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity

Relevance of research topic. In conditions of the high-level export-oriented national economy of Ukraine, the importance of foreign trade and monetary policy research including the development of currency regulation becomes especially relevant. The need for a system of currency regulation based on the principles of liberalization, which corresponds to both the general economic situation in Ukraine and global trends, requires special attention to studying the instruments of currency regulation. Analysis of recent research and publications. Among the most studied aspects of regulating currency relations should be noted: the theoretical fundamentals of international monetary and financial relations, state regulation of the economy, international regulation of monetary relations, liberalization of international monetary relations, the current state and prospects of development of currency regulation in Ukraine and the monetary and financial mechanism of foreign economic activity. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. Due to the global challenges and the constant evolution of monetary and financial relations, as well as the modernization of the system of currency regulation in Ukraine, the peculiarities of formation and application of the instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity require a more detailed study. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. To analyze the modern instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity and the peculiarities of their use in Ukraine. Method or methodology for conducting research. System and structural approach, method of logical analysis, statistical method, method of graphic analysis, method of comparison, method of structuring. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The paper describes approaches to the definition of currency regulation of foreign economic activity. Its place in the economic system of the state is considered. The system of instruments and levers of currency regulation of foreign economic activity is proposed based on direct and indirect regulation. The use of instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity in Ukraine in the modern conditions of currency regulation system liberalization is characterized. The field of application of results. Educational process (in the preparation of the relevant sections of textbooks and tutorials for courses “International Economics”, “Global Economics”, “Finance”). Conclusions according to the article. Analysis of the essence and approaches to the definition of currency regulation of foreign economic activity allows considering it as an instrument of currency policy and an integral part of foreign economic policy, state regulation of the economy, financial regulation of foreign economic activity. Indirect and direct currency regulations define its regulatory and control functions. Thereafter the exchange rate and currency transactions should be considered as the main instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity. The corresponding regulation levers are triggering the instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity. The levers of currency transactions instrument are rules of trade in currency values, currency restrictions, rules of administrating the foreign exchange proceeds of business entities. The levers of the exchange rate instrument are exchange rate regimes, devaluation/revaluation, foreign exchange interventions, foreign exchange reserves diversification. A new currency regulation system that provides the significant liberalization of currency transactions and capital movements was launched in Ukraine in 2019. According to it the concept of foreign exchange control as a repressive mechanism will be removed from the legislation, and a system of currency supervision will be introduced instead. The priority of less discriminatory instruments of currency regulation is also defined. Thus, it can be argued that the considered instruments of currency regulation of foreign economic activity reflect the trends of Ukraine's integration into the world financial and economic system.