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The Direct and Indirect Impact of Pharmaceutical Industry in Economic Expansion and Job Creation: Evidence from Bootstrapping and Normal Theory Methods

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Listed:
  • Rizwan Raheem Ahmed

    (Indus University, Block-17, Gulshan, Karachi, Pakistan)

  • Jolita Vveinhardt

    (Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto Str. 6, LT-44221, Kaunas, Lithuania)

  • Dalia Streimikiene

    (Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto Str. 6, LT-44221, Kaunas, Lithuania)

Abstract

The objective of this research article is to examine the role of Pakistan’s pharmaceutical industry in job creation opportunities, with the sacred intention to eradicate poverty, and expansion in economic activities. This research is quantitative in nature, and the data is directly gathered through closed-ended questionnaires from 300 respondents. Besides predictors’, four mediating variables have also been taken into consideration that contribute indirectly in job creation opportunities. Bootstrapping and Normal theory methods have been employed in order to examine the impact of predictors’ and mediating variables. The result of this research confirmed that pharmaceutical industry plays a vital role in job creation in Pakistan. It is further concluded that the pharmaceutical industry has a direct and significant impact in job creation by providing indigenous and direct job opportunities in sales, marketing, and other supporting departments for both skilled and unskilled workers. Pharmaceutical industry also provides indirect job opportunities through other industries, which are very much linked with this industry, such as: pharmaceutical distributors, dealers, retailers, wholesalers, hotel industry, and event management industry. It is also determined that pharmaceutical industry is acting like knowledge and skills imparting institutions. Therefore, skilled-based training and organizational learning are major mediating variables that transform unskilled people into human assets, which further trigger the future job prospects. Since pharmaceutical industry is one of the biggest industries in Pakistan, providing plenteous opportunities of new jobs with consistent growth. Thus, mediating variables such as motivation and interpersonal influence also preceded an active role in new job creation.

Suggested Citation

  • Rizwan Raheem Ahmed & Jolita Vveinhardt & Dalia Streimikiene, 2018. "The Direct and Indirect Impact of Pharmaceutical Industry in Economic Expansion and Job Creation: Evidence from Bootstrapping and Normal Theory Methods," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 20(48), pages 454-454.
    • Handle: RePEc:aes:amfeco:v:20:y:2018:i:48:p:454
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    1. Jensen, Jonathan A. & Cobbs, Joe B. & Turner, Brian A., 2016. "Evaluating sponsorship through the lens of the resource-based view: The potential for sustained competitive advantage," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 59(2), pages 163-173.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rizwan Raheem Ahmed & Dalia Streimikiene & Josef Abrhám & Justas Streimikis & Jolita Vveinhardt, 2020. "Social and Behavioral Theories and Physician’s Prescription Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-25, April.
    2. Rizwan Raheem Ahmed & Dalia Streimikiene & Gerhard Berchtold & Jolita Vveinhardt & Zahid Ali Channar & Riaz Hussain Soomro, 2019. "Effectiveness of Online Digital Media Advertising as A Strategic Tool for Building Brand Sustainability: Evidence from FMCGs and Services Sectors of Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-40, June.
    3. Faheem Bukhari & Saima Hussain & Rizwan Raheem Ahmed & Dalia Streimikiene & Riaz Hussain Soomro & Zahid Ali Channar, 2020. "Motives and Role of Religiosity towards Consumer Purchase Behavior in Western Imported Food Products," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-22, January.
    4. Rizwan Raheem Ahmed & Faryal Salman & Shahab Alam Malik & Dalia Streimikiene & Riaz Hussain Soomro & Munwar Hussain Pahi, 2020. "Smartphone Use and Academic Performance of University Students: A Mediation and Moderation Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-28, January.
    5. Tazeen Imran & Rizwan Raheem Ahmed & Dalia Streimikiene & Riaz Hussain Soomro & Vishnu Parmar & Jolita Vveinhardt, 2019. "Assessment of Entrepreneurial Traits and Small-Firm Performance with Entrepreneurial Orientation as a Mediating Factor," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-23, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    job creation; pharmaceutical industry; bootstrapping method; normal theory method;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B23 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought since 1925 - - - Econometrics; Quantitative and Mathematical Studies
    • C12 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Hypothesis Testing: General
    • I3 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
    • J2 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor
    • L6 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing

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