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Pricing and Competition with 100% Variable Renewable Energy and Storage

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  • Tommi Ekholm and Vilma Virasjoki

Abstract

Electricity production is a key sector in global decarbonization efforts, and variable renewable energy (VRE) technologies are a primary way to produce carbon-free electricity. We study an electricity market where generation is 100 % VRE, while storage and elastic demand resolve temporal supply-demand imbalances. We model hourly market equilibrium to analyze price formation and imperfect, Cournot-type competition with varying levels of ownership concentration. Market power is exerted either with storage-only or with both VRE and storage. In such a system, prices are determined dynamically by demand and intertemporal storage decisions, breaking the static logic of "merit order" with dispatchable generation. The numerical results indicate that market power with storage has a relatively moderate effect on prices and market efficiency. However, market power exerted with VRE has far larger welfare impacts, resulting from curtailed generation. However, such actions could be more readily observed by a regulator via monitoring.

Suggested Citation

  • Tommi Ekholm and Vilma Virasjoki, 2020. "Pricing and Competition with 100% Variable Renewable Energy and Storage," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Special I).
    • Handle: RePEc:aen:journl:ej41-si1-ekholm
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    Cited by:

    1. Keppler, Jan Horst & Quemin, Simon & Saguan, Marcelo, 2022. "Why the sustainable provision of low-carbon electricity needs hybrid markets," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    2. Farzad Hassanzadeh Moghimi & Yihsu Chen & Afzal S. Siddiqui, 2023. "Flexible supply meets flexible demand: prosumer impact on strategic hydro operations," Computational Management Science, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 1-35, December.
    3. Farzad Hassanzadeh Moghimi & Hanna Ek Fälth & Lina Reichenberg & Afzal S. Siddiqui, 2023. "Climate Policy and Strategic Operations in a Hydro-Thermal Power System," The Energy Journal, , vol. 44(5), pages 67-94, September.
    4. David C. Broadstock & Shunsuke Managi, 2020. "Introduction to the Special Issue on “Competition in the Electricity Sectorâ€," The Energy Journal, , vol. 41(1_suppl), pages 1-4, June.
    5. Williams, Olayinka & Green, Richard, 2022. "Electricity storage and market power," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    6. Hassanzadeh Moghimi, Farzad & Boomsma, Trine K. & Siddiqui, Afzal S., 2024. "Transmission planning in an imperfectly competitive power sector with environmental externalities," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    7. Lebeau, Alexis & Petitet, Marie & Quemin, Simon & Saguan, Marcelo, 2024. "Long-term issues with the Energy-Only Market design in the context of deep decarbonization," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    8. Ali Darudi & Hannes Weigt, 2024. "Review and Assessment of Decarbonized Future Electricity Markets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-38, September.
    9. Reichenberg, L. & Ekholm, T. & Boomsma, T., 2023. "Revenue and risk of variable renewable electricity investment: The cannibalization effect under high market penetration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).

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    JEL classification:

    • F0 - International Economics - - General

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