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Family Matters: Exposure to Gender-Affirming or Gender-Denying Practices Following Gender Identity Milestones

Author

Listed:
  • Travis Campbell
  • Samuel Mann
  • Yana van der Meulen Rodgers
  • Nathaniel M. Tran

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between gender identity milestones, family support, and exposure to gender-affirming or gender-denying practices. Leveraging a retrospective panel from the 2015 US Transgender Survey, we compare changes in exposure to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and conversion therapy among transgender youth who initiate gender identity milestones and those who initiate a year later—stratified by level of family support. Results indicate that transgender youth initiating milestones in supportive families have increased access to HRT and are shielded from conversion therapy, whereas children in unsupportive families have limited access to HRT and are more exposed to conversion therapy.

Suggested Citation

  • Travis Campbell & Samuel Mann & Yana van der Meulen Rodgers & Nathaniel M. Tran, 2024. "Family Matters: Exposure to Gender-Affirming or Gender-Denying Practices Following Gender Identity Milestones," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 114, pages 274-278, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:apandp:v:114:y:2024:p:274-78
    DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20241041
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J12 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

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