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Sundown Towns and Racial Exclusion: The Southern White Diaspora and the "Great Retreat"

Author

Listed:
  • Samuel Bazzi
  • Andreas Ferrara
  • Martin Fiszbein
  • Thomas Pearson
  • Patrick A. Testa

Abstract

This paper studies the rise of sundown towns—places where Blacks and other minorities were excluded after dark—outside the South after 1890. We provide a new dataset on the timing of sundown town establishment using full count census records. Using a shift-share instrumental variables approach, we show that the presence of Southern Whites is causally related to the appearance of sundown towns, with lynchings and the establishment of KKK chapters as plausible mechanisms for racial exclusion.

Suggested Citation

  • Samuel Bazzi & Andreas Ferrara & Martin Fiszbein & Thomas Pearson & Patrick A. Testa, 2022. "Sundown Towns and Racial Exclusion: The Southern White Diaspora and the "Great Retreat"," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 112, pages 234-238, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:apandp:v:112:y:2022:p:234-38
    DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20221104
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • N31 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
    • N32 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
    • N41 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation - - - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
    • N42 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation - - - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
    • N91 - Economic History - - Regional and Urban History - - - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
    • N92 - Economic History - - Regional and Urban History - - - U.S.; Canada: 1913-

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