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Border Carbon Adjustments When Carbon Intensity Varies across Producers: Evidence from California

Author

Listed:
  • Meredith Fowlie
  • Claire Petersen
  • Mar Reguant

Abstract

Governments taxing carbon emissions within their jurisdiction can impose a commensurate tax on emissions embodied in imports in order to mitigate emissions leakage. California offers a rare opportunity to investigate how such a border carbon adjustment (BCA) is working in practice. Experience to date highlights important tensions between greenhouse gas accounting accuracy, market efficiency, and concerns about trade protectionism. We simulate electricity market outcomes under BCA designs that differ in terms of how the carbon intensity of imports is assessed. Simulations suggest significant potential for leakage via resource shuffling. Realized emissions outcomes indicate that this potential has not been fully realized.

Suggested Citation

  • Meredith Fowlie & Claire Petersen & Mar Reguant, 2021. "Border Carbon Adjustments When Carbon Intensity Varies across Producers: Evidence from California," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 111, pages 401-405, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:apandp:v:111:y:2021:p:401-05
    DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20211073
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ambec, Stefan & Yang, Yuting, 2024. "Climate policy with electricity trade," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    2. Jia, Zhijie & Wu, Rongxin & Liu, Yu & Wen, Shiyan & Lin, Boqiang, 2024. "Can carbon tariffs based on domestic embedded carbon emissions reduce more carbon leakages?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    3. Li, Dan & Shen, Bin & Siqin, Tana, 2024. "Resource shuffling in global supply chains under the Clean Competition Act," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    4. Campolmi, Alessia & Fadinger, Harald & Forlati, Chiara & Stillger, Sabine & Wagner, Ulrich, 2023. "Designing Effective Carbon Border Adjustment with Minimal Information Requirements. Theory and Empirics," CEPR Discussion Papers 18645, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    5. Fabra, Natalia & Reguant, Mar, 2024. "The energy transition: A balancing act," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    6. Bellora, Cecilia & Fontagné, Lionel, 2023. "EU in search of a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    7. Böning, Justus & Di Nino, Virginia & Folger, Till, 2023. "Benefits and costs of the ETS in the EU, a lesson learned for the CBAM design," Working Paper Series 2764, European Central Bank.
    8. Ambec, Stefan, 2022. "The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: Challenges and Perspectives," TSE Working Papers 22-1365, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    9. repec:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2024_495 is not listed on IDEAS

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • H71 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
    • H73 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
    • H25 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Business Taxes and Subsidies
    • H32 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Firm
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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