IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/adx/journl/v5y2023i3p306-316.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Economic and Social Dimensions of Gender Equality Perceptions: A Case Study of Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Samina Akhtar
  • Maryam Ishaq

Abstract

Unequal distribution of responsibilities within households, limited education for females, mobility constraints, and gender-segregated job choices hinder women's employment prospects. We explore the biases towards women's empowerment in Pakistan across five crucial dimensions: Political, Economic Business, Employment, and educational empowerment, spanning two time periods: T1 and T2. Note that T1 (time period 1) refers to long run data of the decade from 2010 to 2022 analysis and T2 (time period 2) for examining recent trends from 2018 to 2022 as short-term trends. The methodology employed is Probit modeling. We uncover transformation in societal behaviors, revealing that female respondents challenge traditional gender stereotypes using two survey data sets. The interesting findings lie in the T2 analysis, where significant shifts in perceptions underscore the urgency of tailored policy interventions emphasizing education, economic empowerment, and equality in the workplace. This study's novelty lies in its in-depth examination of evolving gender dynamics within the unique context of Pakistan, offering valuable insights for policymakers and researchers to contribute significantly to the discourse on women's empowerment.

Suggested Citation

  • Samina Akhtar & Maryam Ishaq, 2023. "Economic and Social Dimensions of Gender Equality Perceptions: A Case Study of Pakistan," Journal of Economic Impact, Science Impact Publishers, vol. 5(3), pages 306-316.
    • Handle: RePEc:adx:journl:v:5:y:2023:i:3:p:306-316
    DOI: 10.52223/econimpact.2023.5317
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.52223/econimpact.2023.5317
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.52223/econimpact.2023.5317?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sara Horrell & Pramila Krishnan, 2007. "Poverty and productivity in female-headed households in Zimbabwe," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(8), pages 1351-1380.
    2. Seema Jayachandran, 2021. "Social Norms as a Barrier to Women’s Employment in Developing Countries," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 69(3), pages 576-595, September.
    3. Tamer Koburtay & Tala Abuhussein & Yusuf M. Sidani, 2023. "Women Leadership, Culture, and Islam: Female Voices from Jordan," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 183(2), pages 347-363, March.
    4. Mikel Perales Jarillo & Luis Pedraza & Pablo Moreno Ger & Elvira Bocos, 2019. "Challenges of Online Higher Education in the Face of the Sustainability Objectives of the United Nations: Carbon Footprint, Accessibility and Social Inclusion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-15, October.
    5. Chen, Xia & Harford, Jarrad & Li, Kai, 2007. "Monitoring: Which institutions matter?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(2), pages 279-305, November.
    6. Aribah Aslam & Amjad Naveed & Ghulam Shabbir, 2021. "Is it an institution, digital or social inclusion that matters for inclusive growth? A panel data analysis," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 333-355, February.
    7. Aribah Aslam, 2020. "The hotly debate of human capital and economic growth: why institutions may matter?," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 1351-1362, August.
    8. Asep Suryahadi & Ridho Al Izzati & Daniel Suryadarma & Teguh Dartanto, 2023. "How Inequality Affects Trust in Institutions: Evidence from Indonesia," Asian Economic Policy Review, Japan Center for Economic Research, vol. 18(1), pages 73-91, January.
    9. Nawaz Ahmad & Ghulam Ghouse & Muhammad Ishaq Bhatti & Aribah Aslam, 2023. "The Impact of Social Inclusion and Financial Development on CO 2 Emissions: Panel Analysis from Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-16, October.
    10. Freedman, David A. & Sekhon, Jasjeet S., 2010. "Endogeneity in Probit Response Models," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 18(2), pages 138-150, April.
    11. Ghulam Ghouse & Aribah Aslam & Muhammad Ishaq Bhatti, 2022. "The Impact of the Environment, Digital–Social Inclusion, and Institutions on Inclusive Growth: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-19, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Minza Mudassar & Prof. Dr. Asif Shamim & Muzamir M. Mafabi & Nasir Aziz kamboh, 2024. "Analyzing the Relationship between Macroeconomic Factors and Interpersonal Trust: A Multivariate Examination of Global Data," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 13(2), pages 475-480.
    2. Ghulam Ghouse & Aribah Aslam & Muhammad Ishaq Bhatti, 2022. "The Impact of the Environment, Digital–Social Inclusion, and Institutions on Inclusive Growth: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-19, September.
    3. Suleiman O. Mamman & Kazi Sohag & Attahir B. Abubakar, 2023. "Inclusive growth in Africa: Do fiscal measures matter?," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(2), pages 2273604-227, October.
    4. Xu, Shen & Yin, Bichao & Lou, Chunjie, 2022. "Minority shareholder activism and corporate social responsibility," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    5. Sedai, Ashish Kumar, 2021. "Who Benefits from Piped Water in the House? Empirical Evidence from a Gendered Analysis in India," ADBI Working Papers 1273, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    6. Timo Korkeamaki & Danielle Xu, 2015. "Institutional Investors and Foreign Exchange Risk," Quarterly Journal of Finance (QJF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 5(03), pages 1-33, September.
    7. Wei Huang & Hong Zhang & Abhinav Goyal & Jason Laws, 2019. "Internal capital market mergers in weak external market environment: An emerging market evidence," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(4), pages 1486-1505, October.
    8. Leon Zolotoy & Don O’Sullivan & Keke Song, 2021. "The Role of Ethical Standards in the Relationship Between Religious Social Norms and M&A Announcement Returns," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 170(4), pages 721-742, May.
    9. Minton, Bernadette A. & Schrand, Catherine, 2016. "Institutional investments in pure play stocks and implications for hedging decisions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 132-151.
    10. Jana Oehmichen & Sebastian Firk & Michael Wolff & Franz Maybuechen, 2021. "Standing out from the crowd: Dedicated institutional investors and strategy uniqueness," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(6), pages 1083-1108, June.
    11. van de Walle, Dominique, 2011. "Lasting welfare effects of widowhood in a poor country," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5734, The World Bank.
    12. Wolfgang Breuer & Andreas Knetsch & Astrid Juliane Salzmann, 2020. "What Does It Mean When Managers Talk About Trust?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 166(3), pages 473-488, October.
    13. Chi, Yi & Hu, Ning & Lu, Dong & Yang, Yang, 2023. "Green investment funds and corporate green innovation: From the logic of social value," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    14. Thomas Christin & Simon Hug, 2012. "Federalism, the Geographic Location of Groups, and Conflict," Conflict Management and Peace Science, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 29(1), pages 93-122, February.
    15. Shujun Ding & Chunxin Jia & Zhenyu Wu, 2016. "Mutual Fund Activism and Market Regulation During the Pre-IFRS Period: The Case of Earnings Informativeness in China from an Ethical Perspective," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 138(4), pages 765-785, November.
    16. Mian, Rehman U. & Irfan, Saadia & Mian, Affan, 2023. "Foreign institutional investment horizon and earnings management: Evidence from around the world," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    17. Peng Han & Feng Niu & Wunhong Su, 2021. "Influencing Factors of Institutional Investors Shareholding Stability," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(4), pages 21582440211, October.
    18. Chang Liu & Chune Young Chung & Hong Kee Sul & Kainan Wang, 2018. "Does hometown advantage matter? The case of institutional blockholder monitoring on earnings management in Korea," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 49(2), pages 196-221, February.
    19. Li, Tao & Ji, Yu, 2021. "Institutional ownership and insider trading profitability: Evidence from an emerging market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    20. Qiu, Buhui & Trapkov, Svetoslav & Yakoub, Fadi, 2014. "Do target CEOs trade premiums for personal benefits?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 23-41.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:adx:journl:v:5:y:2023:i:3:p:306-316. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Iqbal Javed (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.scienceimpactpub.com/journals/index.php .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.